4种植物源复配杀菌剂对瓜类枯萎病菌的抑制效果

利用超声波辅助提取法从木香、丁香、肉桂、大黄 4 种药用植物中提取活性物质,以黄瓜枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporium f.?sp.?cucumerinum）和西瓜枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporum f.?sp.?Niveum）为供试真菌,采用生长速率法对4 种药用植物提取物及其复配剂进行离体活性测定。结果表明：木香、丁香、肉桂和大黄等4种植物提取物对黄瓜枯萎病菌和西瓜枯萎病菌的菌丝生长均具有明显的抑制作用,且随着植物提取物浓度的增加,菌丝生长抑制率明显提高。4种植物提取物按适当比例混合复配可明显降低最低抑菌浓度,增强抑菌效果,抑菌作用较强的为3∶1的木香∶肉桂复配剂、1∶2的肉桂∶丁香复配剂和2∶1的木香∶大黄复配剂。     

覆盆子在核桃乳中的应用

以水提、醇提、酶提、复合式提取4种方式提取覆盆子果实。通过对提取液的物理参数和有效物质含量进行测定,最终确定以复合式提取方式提取覆盆子为最佳。将提取液与养元核桃乳按不同配比进行混合,选定最适波长为680nm,观察不同比例的核桃乳的稳定性,获得具有覆盆子营养物质的核桃乳。结果表明:核桃乳和覆盆子提取液的最佳配比为20∶5。覆盆子提取液与核桃乳混合而成的复合饮料,不仅使核桃乳风味独特,并且增加了覆盆子的营养成分,丰富了饮料种类,促进了覆盆子的深加工。     

The effects of replacement of antibiotics with by‐products of oriental medicinal plants on growth performance and meat qualities in fattening pigs

The effect of by‐products of oriental medicinal plants (OMP; T1) containing 0.03% herb extracts (T2) or 0.1% aminolevulinic acid (T3) on the production performance of swine during the finishing period and on its meat quality were investigated. No significant differences were found in the weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate among the tested groups (P > 0.05). But the treated group showed higher (P < 0.05) moisture and ash and lower protein than the control group. The T3 group showed a lower meat cholesterol content (38.42 mg/100 g) compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). The vitamin E content of the muscle in the treated groups was higher compared to the control group. No antibiotic content was detected in all treated and control samples. The values of the volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) of the treated groups were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than the control group. The treated groups had significantly better (P < 0.05) sensory‐test scores for color, flavor, off‐flavor and total acceptability compared to the control group.     

蚯蚓提取物抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的:探讨蚯蚓提取物对Eca-109细胞生长抑制作用及机制.方法:应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色分析,流式细胞仪测定细胞凋亡,细胞周期及检测小鼠体内肿瘤质量.结果:蚯蚓提取物成分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ中,只有大、中剂量(900,450 mg·L-1)成分Ⅱ对Eca-109细胞有明显的抑制作用,300,600 mg·L-1灌胃对小鼠肿瘤有明显的抑制作用.细胞检测有凋亡细胞出现,细胞被阻滞在G0-G1期,DNA合成受阻故使肿瘤细胞受抑制,肿瘤体积缩小.结论:蚯蚓提取物成分Ⅱ对肿瘤细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用,主要通过细胞凋亡和肿瘤细胞受阻于G0-G1期,使DNA合成减少.     

Extract from the Zooxanthellate Jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata Modulates Gap Junction Intercellular Communication in Human Cell Cultures

On a global scale, jellyfish populations in coastal marine ecosystems exhibit increasing trends of abundance. High-density outbreaks may directly or indirectly affect human economical and recreational activities, as well as public health. As the interest in biology of marine jellyfish grows, a number of jellyfish metabolites with healthy potential, such as anticancer or antioxidant activities, is increasingly reported. In this study, the Mediterranean “fried egg jellyfish” Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri, 1778) has been targeted in the search forputative valuable bioactive compounds. A medusa extract was obtained, fractionated, characterized by HPLC, GC-MS and SDS-PAGE and assayed for its biological activity on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa). The composition of the jellyfish extract included photosynthetic pigments, valuable ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, and polypeptides derived either from jellyfish tissues and their algal symbionts. Extract fractions showed antioxidant activity and the ability to affect cell viability and intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions (GJIC) differentially in MCF-7and HEKa cells. A significantly higher cytotoxicity and GJIC enhancement in MCF-7 compared to HEKa cells was recorded. A putative action mechanism for the anticancer bioactivity through the modulation of GJIC has been hypothesized and its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential was discussed.     

茜草不同极性提取物的体外抑菌活性研究

本文采用k-b纸片法研究了茜草不同极性溶剂提取物的抑菌作用,结果表明,石油醚提取物浓度为50mg／ml时,抑菌率为25．03％;乙酸乙酯层提取物浓度为50mg／mL时抑制率最高,为48．64％;丙酮层提取物浓度为50mg／mL时抑制率最高,为61．59％;甲醇层提取物浓度为50mg／mL时抑制率最高,为46．09％。     

4种驱蚊植物提取物的驱蚊效果

[目的]探究具有较好驱蚊效果的植物提取物。[方法]采用人体驱避试验研究了西红柿、蒙古蒿、香叶天竺葵和蚊净香草4种驱蚊植物的提取物精油浸膏对白纹伊蚊的驱避效果。[结果]4种植物的提取物精油浸膏都具有良好的驱蚊效果,其中蒙古蒿精油浸膏的驱蚊有效保护时间最长,120 min时有效保护率仍为84.21%;西红柿精油浸膏的有效保护时间是105 min,其有效保护率为86.36%;香叶天竺葵和蚊净香草精油浸膏的有效保护时间均为90 min,有效保护率分别为88.89%和89.47%。[结论]蒙古蒿精油浸膏的驱蚊效果最好,可望用于进一步开发产品。     

植物提取物的生物学功能及其在肉鸡生产中的应用进展

植物提取物是通过物理化学等方式从植物中提取的一类单一或混合的化合物,具有促生长、抗氧 化、抗菌、抗病毒和增强免疫等生物学功能。植物提取物作为饲料添加剂,可提高肉鸡的生长性能,改善肉品质, 提高机体抗氧化能力和免疫力,维持肠道健康等。植物提取物的提取工艺、提取物中的活性成分和试验条件等 因素影响植物提取物的作用效果。总结了植物提取物的生物学功能、影响因素及其在肉鸡生产中的应用,为植 物提取物更广泛应用在肉鸡生产上提供依据。     

阿尔泰瑞香提取物的体外抗炎及抗氧化活性

目的 探讨阿尔泰瑞香二氯甲烷提取物（Da-Dm）的体外抗炎及抗氧化活性。方法 以不同浓度（1、6、30 μg/mL）的Da-Dm作用于脂多糖（LPS,1 μg/mL）诱导的RAW264.7小鼠巨噬细胞,采用CCK-8法测定Da-Dm对细胞增殖的影响;Griess法检测细胞上清液中一氧化氮（NO）的释放量;ELISA法检测细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的分泌量。以维生素C为对照,采用FRAP法、DPPH法评价Da-Dm总抗氧化能力。结果 Da-Dm在浓度为30 μg/mL及以下时对RAW264.7细胞增殖没有影响。与LPS组比较,1~30 μg/mL的Da-Dm可明显降低LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌炎症因子NO、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的含量（P<0.05,P<0.01）,并呈现浓度依赖性。Da-Dm对DPPH自由基有较好的清除能力,其清除率的IC50为318.1 μg/mL,在FRAP实验中其对Fe²⁺离子具有较强的还原能力。结论 Da-Dm可以抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症反应,它的抗炎作用可能与抑制NO、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的释放有关。Da-Dm具有较好的抗氧化活性。     

中国茶叶深加工产业发展历程与趋势

我国茶叶资源十分丰富,在传统茶叶出现产大于销的背景下,中低档茶和夏秋茶资源的利用率偏低,影响茶叶行业效益水平。茶叶深加工是提高茶资源利用率、茶产业规模与效益的重要途径。本文系统阐述了国际茶叶深加工产业概况,以及中国茶叶深加工产业与深加工技术的发展历程与现状,分析了中国茶叶深加工技术与产品的发展趋势。