不同水分状况下红壤水稻土中有机物料分解及酶活性的变化

[目的]为阐明红壤区土壤中有机物料的分解速率及酶活性的变化提供参数。[方法]设置好气、淹水、干湿交替3种处理进行室内培育试验,研究不同水分状况下红壤水稻土中有机物料分解和土壤酶活性的变化。[结果]3种处理有机物料玉米叶、根茬的分解速率均表现为好气>淹水>干湿交替,且玉米叶的分解速率高于玉米根茬。培养90 d时好气处理下玉米叶、根茬的分解速率分别比淹水处理高19.9%和92.3%。好气处理的土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、转化酶活性较高。好气处理下,添加有机物料可提高土壤脲酶活性,但在淹水和干湿交替处理下,添加有机物料却抑制土壤脲酶的活性。[结论]不同水分状况处理下,添加有机物料均可提高土壤酸性磷酸酶和转化酶活性。     

水稻褐飞虱抗性基因研究进展

褐飞虱是危害水稻生产最重要的虫害之一。利用寄主抗性培育抗褐飞虱品种被认为是最经济、有效的方法。自20世纪60年代末开始鉴定褐飞虱水稻材料以来,我国在栽培品种中陆续发现并鉴定了大量抗褐飞虱材料,为抗褐飞虱基因的定位与克隆奠定了基础。截至目前共鉴定了19个褐飞虱主效抗性基因,其中大部分已经定位。针对目前水稻抗褐飞虱育种存在的问题,应结合稻褐飞虱生物型、水稻品种的遗传背景及生态适应性等考虑,不断提高已鉴定抗源及基因的利用率,注意防止或延缓新的褐飞虱生物型的产生,以提高选择效率,缩短育种年限。     

屋顶绿化植物对废弃物转化基质的适应性研究

[目的]研究屋顶绿化植物对废弃物转化基质的适应性。[方法]采用正交试验法,进行4因素3水平正交试验,以4种工农业废弃物粉煤灰、煤渣、秸秆和园林废弃物为基质,试验8种景天属植物的适应性情况。[结果]适宜屋顶绿化的废弃物转化基质配方为粉煤灰、煤渣、秸秆、园林废弃物,比例分别为1∶1∶1∶1、1∶2∶2∶2、2∶1∶2∶1;8种景天属植物中佛甲草、垂盆草、宽叶佛甲草、德景天、费菜与八宝景天对废弃物转化基质适应性较强。[结论]废弃物转化基质应用于屋顶绿化中具有广阔的市场前景。     

木质基材料界面研究进展

介绍了木质基材料的表面和界面，以及木质基材料界面的一些现代研究手段。最后概述了木质基材料界面的研究状况。     

饲料企业进销存管理信息系统的功能分析与设计

根据饲料企业现状和发展趋势,综合饲料企业的物流管理,构建饲料企业的进销存管理信息系统,并引入地理信息系统,通过对空间数据的统计和分析,帮助决策企业运作政策。     

西瓜嫁接砧木资源及其杂交组合枯萎病抗性鉴定

为了筛选西瓜枯萎病抗性砧木材料,对近年来收集整理的部分西瓜亲本材料及选配的砧木组合进行苗期枯萎病抗性人工接种鉴定。以国际上公认的5个西瓜枯萎病鉴别寄主材料(‘Black Diamond’‘Crimson Sweet’‘Charleston Gray’‘Calhoun Gray’‘PI296341-FR’)以及选配的49份西瓜砧木资源为试材,采用尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum)孢子悬浮液人工接种法,鉴定试验所用的西瓜枯萎病菌生理小种和砧木材料的枯萎病抗性。结果表明:鉴别寄主‘Black Diamond’‘Crimson Sweet’‘Charleston Gray’‘Calhoun Gray’‘PI296341-FR’的病情指数分别达85.2、53.0、27.2、19.2和7.8,抗性级别分别为感病、轻抗、中抗和抗病;49份西瓜砧木材料中,筛选出对Race 1表现抗病的材料有10份,占总供试材料的20.4%,中抗材料29份,占59.2%,轻抗材料10份,占20.4%,不存在免疫和完全感病的材料。确认该试验所用尖孢镰刀菌为生理小种1,筛选确定了高抗西瓜枯萎病的4份亲本材料588、893、BEH和FR328,6份杂交材料威砧101、Be-3×893、(BEH-15×Sugarlee)×893、(BEH1-15×Sugarlee)×341、(BEH1-15×AW2-1)×341和(BYH-1×Sugarlee)×893,可为设施西瓜生产提供优良的嫁接砧木资源。     

PCA和PLS-DA用于晒青毛茶级别分类研究

利用主成分分析法(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)和偏最小二乘法判别分析(Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis,PLS-DA)对晒青毛茶进行级别分类,并通过统计分析找出重要理化成分。结果表明:PCA和PLS-DA均可以直观地对晒青毛茶级别进行分类,其中能够稳定地分类出3级毛茶,而难以将6级和9级毛茶明显地分类。通过PCA载荷图(Loadings plot)和PLS-DA变量重要性因子(Variable important for the projection,VIP)分布图可得出氨基酸含量为级别分类的重要理化成分,其中赖氨酸(Lys)、脯氨酸(Pro)和苯丙氨酸(Phe)是对级别分类最重要的3种氨基酸组分。     

磺酸基官能化介孔材料MSU的合成及其酸性研究

为解决涉及一些较大分子的反应之固体酸催化问题,以价格便宜的硅酸钠为主要原料合成了磺酸基官能化介孔材料MSU,并采用固体核磁共振(SSNMR)等技术研究了所合成材料(MSU-SO3H)的结构和酸性.结果表明,合成的磺酸基官能化的MSU具有规整的介孔结构,其总体酸性略弱于微孔分子筛HZSM-5.     

Effects of Exogenous Materials on Nitrogen Photosynthetic Efficiency and Yield Formation of japonica Rice in Cold Region Under Cold Water Stress at Booting Stage

【Objective】Our goal is to develop disaster-reducing, production-preserving and chemical-controlling cultivation techniques to effectively resist cold damage at the booting stage of japonica rice in cold region.【Method】The split plot design and the central combination test design were used to screen out the optimal application concentrations of CaCl2, glutamic acid(Glu), and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) through the membership function values of yield-related indicators under cold-water stress at booting stage.【Result】1) Under cold water stress at the booting stage, the optimal concentrations of exogenous CaCl2, Glu and GABA (CGG) were 1.87 mmol/L, 2.76 mg/L, 4.40 mmol/L, respectively and the average membership function value is the largest (0.932). 2) Compared with normal irrigation, the nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency of cold-region japonica rice decreased under cold stress at the booting stage. Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, CGG application at the optimal concentration significantly increased the leaf area index (5.37%) and nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency (4.53%) of Dongnong 428 at the full heading stage; significantly increased leaf biomass per leaf area (2.56%) and leaf area index (3.39%) of Songjing 10 at the full heading stage. 3) Compared with cold water stress at the booting stage, the application of the optimal concentration of CGG increased the dry matter accumulation from heading stage to maturity in the cold-region japonica rice, but it was still lower than that of the normal irrigation, and there were differences between varieties and treatments. 4) Compared with cold water stress at booting stage, the yield and yield components of cold-region japonica rice increased with the application of the optimal concentration CGG, and the impact on cold-sensitive varieties was more significant. 5) Compared with the cold water stress at the booting stage, the average increase in temperature production efficiency of Dongnong 428 and Songjing 10 was 5.55% and 23.72% under the optimal concentrations of CGG, respectively. The contribution rate of exogenous CGG to the gap of temperature production efficiency is 8.99%.【Conclusion】The application of the optimal concentration of CGG under cold water stress at the booting stage promoted leaf growth of cold-region japonica rice at the full heading stage and increased the population nitrogen photosynthetic efficiency, which was beneficial to dry matter accumulation and yield formation after heading stage, thereby reducing the loss of cold-region japonica rice under cold water stress at booting stage and improving the temperature production efficiency of cold-region japonica rice.     

基于网络教学平台的中药资源化学教学改革

在南京中医药大学网络教学平台的基础上,对中药资源化学教育教学活动及教学改革实践进行了研究,旨在进一步提高该课程的教学水平和教学质量。结果表明:在有63名学生的班级中,积极参与阅读文献、学习化学画图软件、自主学习统计分析方法及参加野外标本采集的学生在学习中具有较大优势。网络教学平台有利于开展网上互动式教学活动,既能使学生在完成学习任务的过程中提高学习能力,也有助于教师及时了解学生的学习状态,促进教学水平的提高。