不同乳化剂对姜黄素乳液理化稳定性的影响

姜黄素具有许多生物活性功能,但较差的溶解度和稳定性限制了其在食品和医药领域的应用。为筛选出具有良好稳定性的姜黄素乳液,本研究以亚麻籽油为姜黄素的油相载体,经高压均质法制备出姜黄素乳液中研究卵磷脂、吐温-80、阿拉伯胶和乳清分离蛋白4种食品级乳化剂对姜黄素乳液的理化特性和贮藏稳定性的影响,从包埋率、浊度、粒径、电位等方面进行稳定性评价。结果表明,吐温-80稳定的姜黄素乳液中姜黄素包埋率较高(76.98%),浊度和平均粒径最小,分别为848.0 NTR、214.23±1.52 nm;同时在贮藏期内姜黄素乳液的平均粒径变化最小,增长不到1%,贮藏稳定性表现良好。同时,4℃低温条件下姜黄素保留率最高,达到88.02%。结果表明,选用吐温-80作为乳化剂,姜黄素乳液具有最好的溶解性和稳定性,这为今后姜黄素在食品工业中的广泛应用提供了新思路。     

Comparison of different strategies for cotton insect pest management in Africa

Anticipating the direction for change in the current cotton insect pest management system in francophone African countries, different pest management strategies were investigated to reduce cotton protection costs and to improve overall pest control decision-making at the farmer level. Four strategies aimed at timing and limiting insecticide applications, were designed to fit the semiliterate level of farmers and pest profiles. Strategy 1 focused on using control thresholds early in the season, Strategy 2 on reducing the dosage in mixtures, while Strategies 3 and 4 were associated with the use of single active ingredients instead of mixtures. These strategies were assessed at the main research station Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire, and were shown to be effective when compared with the current protection programme. The number of treatments and the amount of insecticides applied was reduced while achieving equal or better pest control and yields. The strategies proved to be safer to some beneficial arthropods. Their cost-effectiveness needs to be assessed in more detail at farm level to select the most financially attractive strategy.     

面条改良乳化剂在挂面中的应用研究

面条改良乳化剂是一种以单甘脂、卵磷酯或色拉油为有效成分的复配型的水包油型乳液。利用粉质仪和拉伸仪测定,研究了面条改良乳化剂在挂面中的使用效果及合适的添加量。并结合实际的应用效果表明,使用面筋质较好、含量较高的面粉添加面条改良乳化剂制作挂面时,对挂面的改良效果明显;而对软质面粉还可增添少量的廉价的无机盐类添加剂或蛋白质类进行复配,可制取优质挂面。     

种毒接种剂量与鸡胚尿囊液量的相关性研究

对分成3组而同机孵化的180个9日龄罗曼蛋鸡鸡胚分别尿囊腔接种NDVLasota种毒液0.1mL／个,0.15mL／个和0.20mL／个。结果：尿囊液的收集量与种毒接种量呈显著负相关,而血凝价受接种剂量的影响不显著。     

低剂量外源稀土积累对黄褐土中微生物主要生理类群的生态效应

采用田间小区试验和室内低剂量模拟叠加试验相结合的方法,研究低剂量外源混合稀土在黄褐土中积累对土壤微生物主要生理类群的生态效应。结果表明,外源低剂量稀土的持续积累会对土壤氨化细菌、硝化细菌、纤维素分解菌和自生固氮菌产生刺激、抑制、再刺激的交替作用。4种土壤微生物生理类群对混合稀土抑制敏感性依大小排序为:纤维素分解菌>氨化细菌>硝化细菌>自生固氮菌。对田间小区低浓度稀土积累下土壤微生物学数据进行模拟计算,稀土积累对纤维素分解菌、氨化细菌、硝化细菌和自生固氮菌的E C50(半抑制浓度)值分别为7.7～10.9、42.3～74.3、12.1～78.4和30.4～91.2m g·kg-1。稀土积累对参与有机碳转化的细菌类群比对参与氮素转化的细菌类群产生更强的抑制作用,纤维素分解菌可作为稀土积累生态效应的指示菌。由于土壤细菌对土壤生物活性的重要贡献,外源稀土在黄褐土中积累对细菌的安全临界值可以初步确定为10～30m g·kg-1。     

中药外用剂型及应用

中药的应用在我国有悠久的历史,在中医理论指导下衍生出了一系列种类丰富的中药外用剂型,如:散剂、膏剂、酒剂等。随着科学技术的进步,中药外用剂型种类逐渐增多,如:栓剂、膜剂、喷雾剂等。对常用传统和当代新的中药外用剂型及其临床应用进行综述,以期为研发外用中药新制剂提供参考。     

中药制剂“病毒宁”抗Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒的活性

本试验研究了中药制剂“病毒宁”在体外对单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-1)增殖的抑制作用。结果显示:“病毒宁”在1.500~0.188 g/L稀释浓度下,对HSV-1有直接杀灭作用(P<0.05);“病毒宁”在1.500~0.375 g/L稀释浓度时,能显著阻断HSV-1对BKH-21细胞的感染(P<0.05),并显著抑制病毒在细胞内的增殖(P<0.05);中药制剂“病毒宁”在体外具有明显的抗HSV-1作用,其最大无毒浓度为1.500 g/L。     

种植密度和氮肥对‘绿雄90’西兰花产量与商品性的影响

为明确不同种植密度和氮肥用量组合对秋播西兰花产量和品质的影响,进行种植密度和氮肥用量两因素试验。结果表明,密植少氮处理的定植至现蕾天数极显著地小于稀植多氮处理。中、高水平的种植密度和氮肥用量,蕾粒明显变细。较高的种植密度与氮肥用量有利于提高西兰花单位面积产量。中等水平的种植密度和氮肥用量则更有利于提高西兰花保鲜球合格率,稀植少氮则保鲜球合格率明显下降。结合生产实际,兼顾优质、高产、高效,并考虑保鲜外销之因素,西兰花种植密度以2 500～2 800 株/666.7m²,氮肥用量以纯氮25～40 kg/666.7m²,在中、高肥力水平的情况下,取其中下范围为宜。     

The effects of low doses of Senna occidentalis seeds on broiler chickens

The effects of 0.5%, 0.3% and 0.1% w/w concentrations of Senna occidentalis (So) seed mixed with commercial ration were studied in 18 groups of 32 broiler chicks each, from 1 day to 49 days of age. Three groups were fed one of the rations throughout their lives (TL). Three other groups were fed one of the rations from the 1st to the 28th day of life (starter phase, SP), and the final 3 groups were fed one of the rations from the 29th to 49th day (finisher phase, FP). Each experimental group was matched by a control group fed the same diet over the same period but without the inclusion of So. All the animals were killed at 49 days of age, and blood was collected from 10 birds in each group for biochemical studies (ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, UA). A complete necropsy was performed on 3 birds from each group. No significant differences in the biochemical parameters in the serum were found between the control and experimental chicks, but animals treated with 0.5% So in groups FP and TL, gained less weight and chicks that received 0.3% So or 0.5% So in the ration throughout life (TL) had a larger feed conversion ratio. Besides this, degenerative changes were found in the striated skeletal muscle in the chest, in the myocardium and in the liver in the animals that received the higher concentrations of So seeds.     

The effects of straw return on potassium fertilization rate and time in the rice–wheat rotation

In order to investigate the effects of straw return on potassium (K) fertilizer application rate and time in the rice–wheat rotation, field experiments were conducted at three sites. The results showed that when the K rate was decreased to 70% of the recommended K dosage, crop yields showed no significant decrease. With K fertilization only at rice phase, crop yields showed no marked difference compared with that provided K fertilizer both at wheat and rice seasons. Though the NH₄OAc-extracted K and HNO₃-extracted K differed slightly among the treatments, the soil apparent K balance was negative without K fertilization. With crop straw fully incorporated, the recommended K dosage could be at least reduced by 30% at the experimental sites and the K fertilizer could be applied only at rice phase. A further hypothesis can be made that the best K rate was the amount of K took away by crop grain. In the long run, straw return combined with K fertilization would be an effective method to maintain soil K fertility and productivity.