智能移动终端在重大动物疫病防控系统中的应用

根据国家的政策、法规要求和畜牧业的发展前景,阐述了建设重大疫病防控系统的必要性,智能移动终端的功能、主要技术、业务流程应用及成效,介绍了智能移动终端应用的重要性。     

基于风险的油气管道维修及抢险流程

根据降低管道风险要从降低管道失效概率和失效后果两方面入手的原则,制定了油气管道维修和抢险流程.分析了该流程中险情原因、险情类型和险情程度、维修或抢险措施、 后期工作等主要步骤.介绍了包括外部腐蚀、内部腐蚀等在内的八类险情原因、两类险情类型--隐患和事故.指出了油气管道维修和抢险的基本概念以及在应急准备中应当注意的事项.     

地方农业院校本科人才培养方案的优化

以吉林农业大学为例,结合构建人才培养方案的指导思想、基本原则与主要特点,对地方农业院校应用型人才培养进行了分析探索。     

城市园林多灾种综合防灾规划设计编制方法探究

以查阅国内外相关资料为基础,分析了城市灾害多样性与差异性、群发性与连锁性的特点,指出了城市园林进行多灾种综合防灾的必然趋势;同时从编制程序、编制原则、编制内容、规划要点等四方面对城市园林多灾种综合防灾规划设计进行了论述。     

Characterization of the host range and sensitivity to fungicides of Trichothecium spp. associated with fruit rot in the field and in storage

During 2017–2019, we observed Trichothecium spp. causing fruit rot in the field and in storage. This study was conducted to examine morphological differences of the species from different hosts, reveal the species’ potential host range, and evaluate the efficacy of five fungicides. Six strains of Trichothecium spp. isolated from nectarine, peach and walnut were selected. Although the colony morphology, mycelial growth rate and spore size differed among hosts, phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer and part of the 5ʹ end of the β-tubulin gene showed that all tested strains belonged to Trichothecium roseum. For its host range, 23 kinds of fruit were examined using T. roseum strain YT-1 as an inoculum; 10 kinds of fruit, including pear, apple, mango, Chinese chestnut, pepino melon, fig and durian, were susceptible to T. roseum, with minimum inoculation concentrations ranging from 10⁴ to 10⁵ spores/ml. The fungicides that most effectively inhibited the six isolates were fluazinam and fludioxonil, with EC₅₀ values of 0.07–0.1 and 0.01–0.04 μg/ml, respectively, followed by difenoconazole (0.81–2.96 μg/ml), boscalid (5.43–13.51 μg/ml) and azoxystrobin (9.18–27.25 μg/ml). Improvement of the shelf life of nectarines held in plastic trays was explored using allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) against T. roseum YT-1. The application of 10 μl/L AITC significantly suppressed disease symptoms. The findings provide useful information for future disease emergency management in the field and for food preservation.     

Evaluating field‐scale sampling methods for the estimation of mean plant densities of weeds

The weed flora (comprising seven species) of a field continuously grown with soyabean was simulated for 4 years, using semivariograms established from previous field observations. Various sampling methods were applied and compared for accurately estimating mean plant densities, for differing weed species and years. The tested methods were based on (a) random selection wherein samples were chosen either entirely randomly, randomly with at least 10 or 20 m between samples, or randomly after stratifying the field; (b) systematic selection where samples were placed along diagonals or along zig‐zagged lines across the field; (c) predicted Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv seedling maps which were used to divide the field into low‐ and high‐density areas and to choose the largest sample proportion in the high‐density area. For each method, sampling was performed with 5–40 samples. Systematic methods generally resulted in the lowest estimation error, followed by the random methods and finally by the predicted‐map methods. In case of species over‐ or under‐represented along the diagonals or the zig‐zag sampling line, the systematic methods performed badly, especially with low sample numbers. In those instances, random methods were best, especially those imposing a minimal distance between samples. Even for S. viridis, the methods based on predicted S. viridis maps were not satisfactory, except with low sample numbers. The relationships between sampling error and species characteristics (mean density, variability, spatial structures) were also studied.