辽宁电网运行双预管理探讨

电网预警及应急处理机制越来越受到社会的关注,制定电网危险点的预警和预控可以提高预防和处置电力突发事件能力。阐述电网运行双预管理的范围、目标及主要措施,为减少各种电网事故的影响及损失提供参考。     

中国农业综合开发之路——回顾篇

政府有组织、大规模的实施以改造中低产田、增加粮食产量为主要目标的农业综合开发,是从1988年开始的,如今已走进第20个年头了。近20年来,农业综合开发不断发展,取得了显著的综合效益,走上了一条蓬勃发展之路。进入新的时期,农业综合开发如何与时俱进,为建设全面小康社会作出新的贡献,是每个从事于农业综合开发工作的同志值得思考的课题。本文分三篇,从回顾中国农业综合开发所走的道路,反思农业综合开发的制度设计与政策效应,并提出今后一段时期的农业综合开发的初步设想,旨在推动农业综合开发的探讨与研究工作。     

Performance assessment of irrigation water management of heterogeneous irrigation schemes: 2. A case study

The non-uniformity of soils, weather, fields, cropping pattern and canal systems in most surface irrigation schemes makes irrigation water management complex, but optimum performance is important particularly in irrigation schemes with limited water supply. This paper focuses on the performance of irrigation water management during the area and water allocation with a case study of an irrigation scheme in the semi-arid region of India. Often the irrigation managers or authorities of these heterogeneous irrigation schemes also need to deal with different allocation rules. The allocation plans and the corresponding water delivery schedules during the allocation process were estimated with the help of a simulation–optimisation model for different allocation rules based on cropping distributions (free and fixed), water distributions (free and fixed-area proportionate), irrigation depth (full, fixed depth and variable depth irrigation) and irrigation interval (from 14 to 35 days). The performance measures of productivity (in terms of net benefits and area irrigated), equity (in water distribution), adequacy and excess were assessed for these different allocation plans and schedules. These were further compared with the performance measures of the existing rule (fixed depth irrigation at a fixed interval). The analysis revealed that these performance measures are in some cases complimentary and in other cases conflicting with each other. Therefore, it would be appropriate for the irrigation managers to understand fully the nature of the variation in performance measures for different allocation rules prior to deciding the allocation plans for the irrigation scheme.     

Plant resource conservation planning in protected natural areas: an example from the Canary Islands, Spain

An approach to an overall management planning for the conservation of endangered species within protected natural areas is presented, based mainly on the development of methods for the diagnosis of the conservation status and the identification of critical life cycle stages (phenophases) of target species. This model includes other aspects inherent in the overall planning of a protected area so as to match its technical, human and economic resources in terms of research and conservation. We provide examples of some island endemics that are included in the “Recovery Plans for the Endangered Plants in the Canary Islands National Parks”. The use of demography and genetics is particularly emphasised. We propose reintroductions as one of the most important tools for the management and conservation of endangered plants and the use of “system dynamics” tools as an alternative to traditional population matrix analysis. We provide examples of the application of system dynamics to population dynamics studies and to the design of management actions.     

What does IUCN species action planning contribute to the conservation process?

More than 60 Species Action Plans have been published by the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of IUCN—The World Conservation Union. They are designed to assess the status of threatened species and their habitats, and provide prioritised recommendations for action, but there is debate about the effectiveness of such plans in stimulating conservation action and research. We evaluated three Action Plans covering a group of large terrestrial birds, published in 1995. Of 54 projects suggested in these plans, 33 had been initiated in the 5 years since publication, and 35 specific conservation actions were undertaken. Forty-five peer-reviewed papers were published, and at least 88 other outputs in the form of symposium presentations, posters and popular articles were produced. Although it is impossible to demonstrate the effectiveness of species action planning through rigorous scientific assessment, these results indicate a substantial amount of conservation-relevant activity directly attributable to the process. They also highlight the need for a clear definition of the role of Action Plans. We suggest that many of the criticisms directed toward species action plans result from an over-optimistic view of their power to catalyse action, and conclude by presenting a new model describing their niche within the wider context of conservation biology and policy.     

基于BIM技术的公共建筑应急疏散预案的研究

利用BIM技术集成建筑信息,与Pyrosim软件数据对接,模拟消防设备发生故障的极端条件下建筑火灾,计算出了建筑内各出口最短可用疏散时间为200 s左右,利用Pathfinder软件研究了紧急情况下人员安全疏散,得出了最佳疏散方案为:1~5层人员向1楼疏散;6~14层人员向10楼疏散;15~23层人员向20楼疏散;24~27层人员向屋顶疏散。     

日本福岛核事故的信息跟踪与服务

分析了福岛核事故后信息跟踪的意义,简介了全球十大核事故,提出了核事故的信息收集与跟踪是辐射防护与核安全科研中的重要环节。