宁南霉素防治烟草花叶病毒病应用技术研究及示范推广

针对制约大理州烟草产量和品质提高的主要因素——烟草花叶病毒病,１９９３～１９９６年筛选菌毒清、８３增抗剂、病毒Ａ、植病灵等多种抗病毒剂及宁南霉素等药剂。试验结果表明,２％宁南霉素７５ｍｇ／ｋｇ对烟草花叶病毒病大田防效在７０％以上,优于其他抗病毒剂,且对烟草具有明显的刺激生长作用,明显提高烟叶质量和产量。１９９５～１９９８年累计应用宁南毒素４０多ｔ,面积约１．７３万ｈｍ２,取得较好经济、社会和生态效益。     

秋施硼肥在苹果植株中的分布与利用动态

对盆栽苹果树施Ｈ３１０ＢＯ３,于主要物候期测定,结果表明,生长季地上部全Ｂ的变化呈双峰曲线,根系仅出现一次高峰;枝条与粗根皮层的全Ｂ量一般比木质部高３～４倍,但从肥料中吸收的Ｂ占全Ｂ量的百分率（Ｂｄｆ％）二者相差无几。地上部新生器官在新梢旺长期Ｂｄｆ％值迅速提高,其后处于高水平的相对稳定期,细根随时间进展不断下降,粗根则缓慢上升。秋施１０Ｂ肥后的第３年花期测定植株不同器官的Ｂｄｆ％值仍可达１２．７％～３３．６％,而土壤仅为４．２％,并且１０Ｂ在植株中的分布发生了变化,一年生枝与粗根含量显著上升,约比翌年同期增加２倍左右,而主干与细根含量显著下降,说明硼肥在树体内具有长效作用,可再利用。     

An analysis of structure of tree seedling populations on a Lahar

The structure of a tree seedling population is dependent on the interaction of several processes including seed dispersal, germination, survival, and competition on a physical landscape. Structural components (composition, size distributions, spatial distributions, age distributions, density, and history) of a tree seedling population on the Muddy River Lahar on the east side of Mount St. Helens were examined over a range of extents (1/10 m to 1000 m). Many of these component have rarely been examined at the larger extents listed here. Composition reflected distances to seed source and seed morphology. Seedling sizes are inversely proportional to depth to a buried soil if one existed. Spatial patterns indicated that seedling are clustered for tree seedlings less than 200 m apart, random for tree seedling from 200 m to 400 m and uniform for seedling greater than 400 m apart. This was confirmed by two measures of multidimensional spatial point pattern. Age distributions did not reflect the size distributions; old seedlings could be almost any size, young seedlings were constrained to be small in size. Densities appear to be typical for forests in the area. History of disturbance events (the lahar establishment, and successive ash, pumice, and erosion) has strongly influenced this tree seedling community.     

麦套花生优化施肥研究

采用三因素二次饱和Ｄ—最优设计，建立了麦套花生Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ施肥与花生产量间的数学模型。由模型可得：（１）Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ三种肥料对麦套花生产量作用显著，且互作间存在较大的交互效应，因此，Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ需配合使用。（２）公顷产量４５００～５２５０ｋｇ的优化施肥方案为：每公顷施Ｎ１０９．５～１４７ｋｇ，Ｐ２Ｏ５１３３．５～１８６ｋｇ，Ｋ２Ｏ２４３～３４８ｋｇ；最优组合为：每公顷施Ｎ１３９．６ｋｇ，Ｐ２Ｏ５１７４．３ｋｇ和Ｋ２Ｏ３２３．３ｋｇ，最高产量可达５２６０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。     

Effect of Synthetic Cytokinin Application on Pod Setting of Individual Florets within Raceme in Soybean

Abstract

The application of synthetic cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine, BA) to racemes of soybean genotype IX93-100 at 7 days after anthesis (DAA) enhanced pod-set percentage of the florets at the 5th position and above (numbered from the base on rachis). The endogenous cytokinin (trans-zeatin riboside) content of individual florets was measured at the 1, 3, 5, 7th position every 3 days after anthesis. Cytokinin was detected only from the florets at 9 DAA, and the content was higher in the more proximal florets while it became negligible in the 7th floret. These results suggest that an increase in the amount of cytokinin in individual florets might enhance the pod setting of the florets positioned at the middle or distal part within the raceme.     

库鄯线INERGEN气体自动灭火系统

介绍了库鄯输油道采用的ＩＮＥＲＧＥＮ气体自动灭火系统的组成、特点、工艺及操作主要设备参数以及测试方法等，对该系统的维护及保养提出了几点建议，该系统的建立可有效地保护库鄯输油管道首末站的站控室，通信机房、ＵＰＳ间及减压站的柴油发电机房、配电室，站控室，通信机房及ＵＰＳ间等。     

国外X80管道钢管的研究与应用现状

综述了国外在高钢级X80管道钢管方面的开发和应用状况，管材的研究目前正向更高屈服强度、更高韧性和易加工的方向发展，使用高钢级管材是提高管道设计压力的主要途径，同时，在同样的设计压力下使用高强度管材可养活钢材的消耗量。以德国Ruhrags管道为例，介绍了国外高钢级管道钢管X80的实际质量水平，包括管道钢的合金化、控制轧制和控制冷却工艺，并就高钢级管道钢管的部分热点问题如富气输送、高钢级管道钢管的焊接和裂纹扩展止裂等进行了讨论和分析。     

Foliar Application of Glycinebetaine and Salicylic Acid Improves Growth,Yield and Water Productivity of Hybrid Sunflower Planted by Different Sowing Methods

Improved planting methods and foliar application of glycinebetaine (GB) and salicylic acid (SA) can improve the water productivity in field crops under limited water supply conditions. A 2‐year field study was conducted to evaluate the possible role of different planting methods and foliar applications of GB and SA in improving the yield, quality and water productivity of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The crop was planted by flat sowing (75 cm spaced rows) and ridge sowing (75 cm spaced ridges), with GB and SA applied exogenously at 100 and 0.724 mm , respectively, at both budding and flowering stages, while control plots received distilled water. Ridge sowing, rather than flat sowing, improved the biological yield, oil yield, leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), plant height, water‐use efficiency and final achene yield during both the years. Foliar applications of GB and SA at both the stages improved the achene yield, although foliar application of GB at flowering was the most effective. Neither the planting methods nor the foliar application of GB and SA altered the achene oil contents during both the years. Foliar application of GB and SA increased the free proline content of the leaf and GB contents at flowering but reduced the achene protein contents, whereas planting method had no effect on these attributes across the years. Of the foliar applied chemicals, GB was more effective in improving sunflower growth and yield and water productivity than SA. To conclude, ridge sowing coupled with foliar application of GB at flowering stage could be beneficial for achieving maximum yields of hybrid sunflower under relatively water limited conditions in the field.     

Urban permeability for birds: An approach combining mobbing-call experiments and circuit theory

The urban matrix was recently shown to be a mosaic of heterogeneous dispersal habitats. We conducted a playback experiment of mobbing calls to examine the probabilities of forest birds to cross a distance of 50 m over urban matrix with different land-cover types in an urban area. We treated the reciprocal of the crossing probabilities as a movement resistance for forest birds. We drew resistance surfaces based on the land-cover maps of urban Sapporo. We applied a circuit theory to examine the relative role of a detour route consisting of a riparian corridor and urban matrix for dispersing forest bird individuals from continuous forest to an isolated green space in the midst of an urban area. Our results showed that wood cover had the highest crossing probability, while open land (grassland and pavement) had the lowest probabilities. Buildings and water surface displayed an intermediate probability. Resistance surfaces and flow maps at 25- and 50-m resolutions were very similar and suggested that dispersing individuals are likely to use the intervening building areas that dominate the urban matrix rather than detour through riparian corridors. Our results showed the useful combination of experimental approaches and circuit theory, and the importance of the spatial configuration of corridors, as well as the composition and management of dispersal habitats, to landscape connectivity.