Error Description and Modification of Virtual Measuring Instrument

When measuring, virtual instruments are inevitable to cause error damaging the precision of measuring resuits. It presents error constitution, methods of error transfer and synthesis of virtual measuring instrument. Based on the analysis of error transfer and synthesis of virtual measuring tual measuring instrument and gets the method of dealing instrument, it generalizes the error constitution formula of virwith errors. Then, errors can be modifyed.     

Genome-wide genetic dissection of germplasm resources and implications for breeding by design in soybean

“Breeding by Design” as a concept described by Peleman and van der Voort aims to bring together superior alleles for all genes of agronomic importance from potential genetic resources. This might be achievable through high-resolution allele detection based on precise QTL (quantitative trait locus/loci) mapping of potential parental resources. The present paper reviews the works at the Chinese National Center for Soybean Improvement (NCSI) on exploration of QTL and their superior alleles of agronomic traits for genetic dissection of germplasm resources in soybeans towards practicing “Breeding by Design”. Among the major germplasm resources, i.e. released commercial cultivar (RC), farmers’ landrace (LR) and annual wild soybean accession (WS), the RC was recognized as the primary potential adapted parental sources, with a great number of new alleles (45.9%) having emerged and accumulated during the 90 years’ scientific breeding processes. A mapping strategy, i.e. a full model procedure (including additive (A), epistasis (AA), A × environment (E) and AA × E effects), scanning with QTLNetwork2.0 and followed by verification with other procedures, was suggested and used for the experimental data when the underlying genetic model was usually unknown. In total, 110 data sets of 81 agronomically important traits were analyzed for their QTL, with 14.5% of the data sets showing major QTL (contribution rate more than 10.0% for each QTL), 55.5% showing a few major QTL but more small QTL, and 30.0% having only small QTL. In addition to the detected QTL, the collective unmapped minor QTL sometimes accounted for more than 50% of the genetic variation in a number of traits. Integrated with linkage mapping, association mappings were conducted on germplasm populations and validated to be able to provide complete information on multiple QTL and their multiple alleles. Accordingly, the QTL and their alleles of agronomic traits for large samples of RC, LR and WS were identified and then the QTL-allele matrices were established. Based on which the parental materials can be chosen for complementary recombination among loci and alleles to make the crossing plans genetically optimized. This approach has provided a way towards breeding by design, but the accuracy will depend on the precision of the loci and allele matrices.     

西藏昌都嘎玛沟文化景观的构成、特征及形成机制

西藏昌都嘎玛沟文化景观内涵丰富、特点鲜明。嘎玛沟文化景观由众多自然和人文因子构成,其中,沟谷风貌、宗教文化、村落民居、民族工艺是最具代表性的载体。嘎玛沟文化景观在空间上带状聚集,在时间上世代传承,演绎了多元文化的互动交融。文中立意于结合实证材料、调研成果,对嘎玛沟文化景观的构成、特征及形成机制,进行分析研究。     

中医体质调理对亚健康人群生存质量的影响

目的探讨中医体质调理对提高亚健康人群生存质量的影响。方法根据纳入与排除标准,选择到本院治未病中心就诊的亚健康人群按随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,对照组按亚健康常规予以指导,实验组在常规指导的基础上,医生根据就诊者的体质类型,制定中医体质调理方案,给予体质调理指导,并定期督促执行,干预疗程6个月。结果对照组生存质量8因子得分较干预前均有提高,但PF、GH、SF差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组生存质量8因子得分较干预前均有明显提高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);实验组与对照组组间比较,干预后实验组在PF、GH、SF、RE、MH得分较对照组提高明显,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论亚健康人群的生存质量偏低,中医体质调理对亚健康人群更有针对性,可明显提高亚健康人群的生存质量。     

园林景观构成与古代诗词绘画关系探讨

从文化基源的角度入手,描述中国古代诗词绘画不仅体现着人与自然和谐统一的思想,并且还是文人士大夫的情感寄托。园林景观是一门多元的综合审美艺术,是物质文化和精神文化的双重体,它的精神内涵与中国的诗词绘画艺术有着密不可分的内在联系。诗词绘画可以在景观构成中直接应用,如广泛运用于匾额、碑刻、对联、题咏、雕梁画栋、文字绘画等造景手法中。另外,文人士大夫将诗词绘画艺术的空灵境界融入园林艺术中,使园林景观有了诗情画意的韵味,使其在审美观念和情趣上处处露着文学艺术的痕迹,将中国的园林推向了更高的艺术审美境界。并通过研究诗词绘画与园林景观的关系,旨在为崇尚生态、倡导和谐的现代园林景观的发展指明方向。     

高产水稻群体茎蘖组成和叶面积指数及其关系的研究

 试验以源库类型不同的中籼稻汕优63（库限制型）和中粳稻香粳3017（源限制型）为材料,研究高产水稻茎蘖和叶面积指数组成及其关系结果表明:（1）高产水稻茎蘖组成特点:有效分蘖临界叶龄期和拔节期3叶以上大分蘖多,小分蘖少。（2）高产水稻叶面积指数组成特点:有效分蘖临界叶龄期和拔节期3叶以下小分蘖的叶面积指数占总叶面积指数的比例小,与总叶面积指数相关不密切:4叶以上大分蘖的叶面积指数占总叶面积指数比例大,是群体的主要组成部分。（3）叶面积指数与茎蘖组成关系:有效分蘖临界叶龄期3叶以下分蘖数和4叶以上分蘖数与总叶面积指数关系不密切,而拔节期4叶以上分蘖数与总叶面积指数相关显著。     

青春期各阶段学生日常行为模式和体质状况的调查研究*

通过测试、问卷调查等方法了解沈阳市青春期各阶段中小学生的日常活动、生活习惯和体质健康状况，为制定相应的干预措施提供依据。结果显示，沈阳市处于青春期前后的学生每天喝饮料的达到28%，身体处于久坐的平均时间是6.35±0.78h/d，而学生进行户外游戏活动的平均时间不足1.5h。中学生在过去一周上3节以上体育课占73%；去课间操次数2次以下（包括2次）占7%。在自由活动时，学生选择的运动项目主要集中在篮球、足球等项目上，但运动强度不高。初中生平均每天用于做作业的时间超出了教育部的规定，仅27%的中学生睡眠时间达到9h。沈阳市处于青春期前后的学生学习生活习惯、运动习惯并不乐观，这在一定程度上引起学生体重、血压整体水平高于全省平均水平。学生身体素质与起其他省市相比相对较差，肥胖趋势明显。     

智能电网继电保护技术研究

分析智能电网网络结构、传统电网继电保护与智能电网继电保护构成的区别,以及智能电网关键技术,针对我国智能电网继电保护面临的挑战进行探讨,为提高继电保护的智能性、灵敏性、可靠性及迅速性提供参考。     

匡继林教授治疗多囊卵巢综合征的辨治思路

匡继林教授基于多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovarian syndrome,PCOS）的发病病因病机,治疗PCOS遵循辨病为先、明确诊断,根据月经周期4个时期的不同生理特点及患者体质进行“辨疾病-辨时期-辨体质”的临床三维辨治。提出以“调肾本、和肝脾、益气血、行冲任、养胞宫、促进卵泡发育与排卵,进而恢复正常月经”的PCOS治疗大法,辨病辨证相结合、因时制宜、因人制宜,临床疗效显著。     

大学生体质水平的等级划分与模糊识别

根据大学生体质健康调研资料,采用系统聚类分析方法,将大学生体质水平分类,从而建立5个不同等级体质水平标准。运用模糊数学方法,建立相应体质等级模型的隶属函数。最后给出大学生体质水平多因素模糊识别的直接方法。该方法具有一定准确性,应用方便,较单因素分析更科学合理,为正确全面评价大学生体质水平探索一条新途径。