啤酒大麦安全烘干温度的研究

试验研究了啤酒大麦适宜的干燥温度。以浙农大3号、浙农大7号啤酒大麦品种为材料,采用35℃、45℃、55℃3种温度进行模拟烘干试验,并对烘干后的种子进行生活力、发芽力、脱氢酶活性、电导率的测定。结果表明,啤酒大麦的干燥温度控制在45℃以下为好,既安全,干燥效率又高,而在55℃温度条件下,虽干燥效率高但对啤酒大麦的发芽力及种子活力有显著的影响,35℃干燥虽安全可靠,但其干燥效率低,所需时间太长。     

滇西南不同土地利用方式坡地土壤大孔隙特征及与饱和导水率的关系

【目的】研究滇西南不同土地利用方式坡地土壤大孔隙特征与饱和导水率的变化,为控制滇西南地区坡地水土流失提供参考。【方法】以滇西南6种典型土地利用方式（荒草地、茶地、烤烟地、玉米地、甘蔗地、澳洲坚果地）坡地为研究对象,测定6种坡地不同坡位（坡上、坡下）和土层（0~15,15~30 cm）土壤的基本理化性质、水分穿透曲线、大孔隙特征及饱和导水率,分析不同土地利用方式坡地土壤大孔隙特征与饱和导水率的关系。【结果】（1）滇西南不同土地利用方式坡地土壤基本理化性质存在差异,坡位和土层深度对土壤的基本理化性质有明显影响。（2）滇西南不同土地利用方式坡地的土壤水分出流速率先增加,都在90 s之后基本趋于稳定。6种土地利用方式下0~30 cm土层土壤平均出流速率表现为玉米地＞荒草地＞澳洲坚果地＞茶地＞甘蔗地＞烤烟地。（3）不同土地利用方式坡地土壤大孔隙半径、面积比与平均体积存在明显差异。荒草地、茶地、玉米地、澳洲坚果地土壤大孔隙平均半径随土层深度的增加而减小,而甘蔗地、烤烟地土壤大孔隙平均半径变化则相反。不同土地利用方式坡地土壤大孔隙面积比与平均体积由大到小均表现为玉米地＞荒草地＞澳洲坚果地＞茶地＞甘蔗地＞烤烟地。（4）不同土地利用方式坡地土壤饱和导水率差异显著,其中玉米地和荒草地饱和导水率明显高于其他坡地。（5）相关性分析表明,不同土地利用方式坡地土壤大孔隙密度、平均体积与饱和导水率呈线性正相关关系,平均半径与饱和导水率之间呈指数函数关系。土壤大孔隙平均体积与稳定出流速率之间呈线性正相关关系。【结论】不同土地利用方式坡地表层（0~15 cm）和上坡位土壤大孔隙半径大、联通性好,更有利于土壤的滞水减流。     

木质地热地板导热效能影响因素研究

为探讨不同结构型式、厚度、密度和含水率的地板对导热效能的影响,揭示影响木质地热地板导热效能的因素及规律,进而为地采暖环境下如何选用木质地热地板提供科学指导,本文通过对5种类型12款地板的导热效能指标进行测试,其结果表明:5种结构型式地板导热效能依次是:浸渍纸层压木质地板>实木地板>三层实木复合地板>多层实木复合地板>框架式实木复合地板;地板导热效能随着地板厚度的增加而降低;地板密度越大导热效能越大;地板导热效能随着含水率的升高而降低。     

生物质导热系数测量系统设计

随着不可再生能源的日渐枯竭,生物质能源的研究工作受到越来越多的关注。想要充分了解和利用生物质能源,生物质材料的热物性分析必不可少。其中,导热系数表征就是研究的重点内容之一,设计出可靠便捷的测量系统至关重要。笔者以LabVIEW平台为基础,依靠其强大的测控功能,结合3ω法测量原理及具体的实验步骤,设计出一种固液相样品都适用的导热系数测量系统。实验中测量端的铂丝将产生电信号,经前置放大电路被锁相放大器SR830采集,然后通过GPIB接口卡与PC机通讯。其中,上位机LabVIEW的程控交互界面包括了前期准备、信息记录、数据采集和曲线显示4个部分,为研究人员提供了直观、便捷、高效的实验进程帮助。还从测量对象的性质和实验台搭建过程两个方面,分析了可能存在的误差来源。为了验证该导热系数测量系统的可靠性,对常见的生物质液体,包括存在固液相变化的样品,进行了测量实验。测量值与文献参考值比较显示,系统误差小于5%,说明该测量系统具有较高的可靠性和稳定性。     

8个中山杉新无性系耐盐力的水培试验研究

用水培法对8个中山杉新无性系进行不同质量分数氯化钠液处理,以相对生长量(RG)、盐害指数(SI)和相对电导率(RL)为指标,进行耐盐力评估。经聚类分析和相关性分析,结果表明:在水培条件下,不同无性系的耐盐力达0.30%~0.45%。中山杉118号具有较好的耐盐性,耐盐力为0.4%~0.45%;中山杉136号、1号、146号和149号耐盐力中等,为0.35%~0.40%;而中山杉102号,27号和24号的耐盐性较差,为0.3%~0.35%。RG与RL以及RG与SI两两均呈极显著负相关,RL和SI之间呈极显著正相关。相对生长量、盐害指数和相对电导率均可作为中山杉耐盐能力综合评价指标。     

Evaluating the Impact of Combined Application of Biochar and Compost on Hydro-physical Properties of Loamy Sand Soil

ABSTRACT

Biochar, compost and their combination are important organic amendment materials for improving the hydro-physical properties of sandy soils. Series of soil columns experiments were conducted for investigating the application effects of date palm biochar and compost on evaporation, moisture distribution, infiltration, sorptivity (Sp), saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_sat) and water holding capacity (WHC) at application rates of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% (10, 20, 30 and 40 g kg^?1). The columns were filled manually with air-dried soil with 35 cm depth and the thickness of surface amended layer was 10 cm (T10) and 20 cm (T20) from soil surface at bulk density of 1400 kg m^?3. The results showed that the behavior of soil moisture distribution was influenced by application of biochar, compost and biochar-compost mixture. Moreover, in the amended layer T10, applying biochar at rate of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% reduced significantly cumulative evaporation by 5.8%, 10.8%, 12.8% and 16.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the reduction for the biochar-compost mixture at application rates of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% was 10%, 12.2%, 14.5% and 20%, respectively. In layer T20, applying biochar at rate of 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% reduced cumulative evaporation by 10.24%, 13.0%, 18.3% and 21.5% but this reduction amounted to 18.2%, 21%, 23% and 24% for the biochar-compost mixture, respectively. It was generally observed that the highest application rate (4%) for applied amendments was the most effective impact on Sp, K_sat and WHC compared with other rates.     

Effect of Enterococcus faecium AL41 and Thymus vulgaris essential oil on small intestine integrity and antioxidative status of laying hens

We investigated the effect of Enterococcus faecium on phagocytic activity, antioxidative status in vivo and the effect of E. faecium and 0.4% concentration of Thymus vulgaris essential oil (EO) on the duodenal tissue integrity in vitro in laying hens. The birds were fed the same standard diets and were divided into four groups. E. faecium was added to the drinking water for the second and fourth groups. EO was added to special chambers for measuring trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) for the third and fourth groups only. TEER was lower in groups where EO was added, but in the group with E. faecium TEER was not changed significantly. Our results show that EO at 0.4% concentration may negatively affect intestine integrity, and the probiotic strain E. faecium AL41 is able to eliminate this effect and can strengthen non-specific immunity. To confirm our findings further histopathological investigations of intestinal tissue are needed.     

几种苹果矮化砧木的抗寒性研究

以71-3-150、GM256、SH6及M9 4种苹果(Malus)矮化砧木的1年生枝条为试材,进行-20℃、-25℃、-30℃、-35℃、-40℃低温处理,用电导法配合Logistic方程,求得拐点温度(LT50)即半致死温度,并对其电导率、可溶性蛋白含量和POD酶活性等指标进行了测定比较。结果表明:测得的电解质渗出率呈典型的S型曲线,与相应的低温呈极显著负相关;71-3-150、GM256、SH6及M9的半致死温度分别为-40.63℃、-39.29℃、-34.10℃、-30.10℃;抗寒性强的71-3-150和GM256能保持较高的可溶性蛋白含量和POD酶活性。     

Temporal changes of soil physical quality under two residue management systems

Although crop residue management is known to affect near‐surface soil physical quality, little is known about the temporal variability of these indicators over short time intervals. This study evaluates the temporal changes of nine indicators of soil physical quality. These are organic carbon content, structural stability index, bulk density, macroporosity, air capacity, relative field capacity, plant available water capacity, Dexter's S‐index and saturated hydraulic conductivity. A second set of soil physical indicators, based on the distribution of soil pore volume, was also evaluated. The indicators were determined in three different times during the growing cycle of winter durum wheat cultivated within a long‐term field research carrying out in Southern Italy and comparing two types of crop residue management, that is, burning (B) and soil incorporation (I). Only the bulk density changed over time for both treatments, although the air capacity also changed for the incorporation of wheat residues. Residual effects of the autumnal soil tillage and soil compaction were a common source of variability, irrespective of which treatment was used. Based on the existing guidelines for evaluating the physical quality of these agricultural soils, optimal or near‐optimal values were detected in about half of the cases under consideration. This suggests that both B and I create sufficiently good conditions for crop growth during the crop cycle. The comparison between observed and optimal soil pore distribution function was always poor. The pore volume distributions showed lower densities of small pores and relatively higher densities of large pores than the proposed optimal distribution. This study also suggests that the considered optimal or references curves probably cannot be applied successfully to a wide range of agricultural soils.