Egg quality determination based on the shape of the lipid vesicle in common dentex, Dentex dentex

The shape of the lipid vesicle (the ratio between the maximal and the minimal diameter and the shape coefficient) of the eggs of Diplodus puntazzo and Sparus aurata is correlated with larval survival rate (%) and can be used as an egg quality marker as reported previously by Lahnsteiner and Patarnello (2005) . In the present study, this method for egg quality determination has also been validated for common dentex, Dentex dentex, after introducing several modifications in the calculation and evaluation procedure in order to obtain higher sensitivity. In the present study, it could be demonstrated that the shape of the lipid vesicle is not only correlated with the hatching rate but also with the survival rate of 1, 2 and 3 days post hatch larvae and therefore it can also be used as an indicator of larval viability at early stages of development.     

Effects of silvering state on induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   The effects of silvering state of wild female Japanese eels Anguilla japonica on the success of induced maturation and the following spawning were examined. Thirty-eight females, collected in Mikawa Bay, were divided into four stages based on their silvering state: yellow (Y1), late-yellow (Y2), silver (S1) and late silver eels (S2). Despite injections of salmon pituitary extract (SPE) through the standard technique, Y1 and Y2 eels did not respond to the treatment with undeveloped gonad (gonad-somatic index [GSI]: 0.3–0.9), and all these females died by 5 weeks, probably due to an abnormal physiological condition. Most S1 (81%) and S2 eels (100%) matured completely (GSI: 17.8–51.4), and finally spawned successfully (69% for S1, 89% for S2). S2 eels fully matured with oocytes of over 750 μm in diameter by significantly smaller number of injections of SPE (5–6 times) than the case of S1 eels (6–8 times). The amount of eggs released by S2 eels (0.65 ± 0.11 g/fish per body weight [BW]) was significantly larger than those by S1 eels (0.54 ± 0.09 g/fish per BW). There was no difference in fertilization and hatching rates between eggs released by S1 eels and those of S2 eels. These results indicate that the success of induced maturation and spawning in wild female Japanese eels depends on their silvering state, and matured eggs can be obtained efficiently through the use of S2 eels rather than other stages.     

Inter-river, -annual and -seasonal variability in fecundity of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in rivers in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Abstract  Fecundity is an integral component of the calculation of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., egg depositions in rivers. Fecundity determinations can be time consuming and prohibitively expensive in terms of application on a broad scale. Consequently, where river specific and annual data are not available, default means are used in calculations in Newfoundland and Labrador. It is important therefore to know the extent of variability among rivers, years and seasons and the potential error involved in using default values. Annual fecundity data were available for one river in Labrador and nine rivers in Newfoundland. Fecundity was determined from ovaries collected in the recreational fishery in the summer for all 10 rivers. For three of these rivers, fecundity determined from summer sampling was compared with that obtained from sampling at time of spawning in autumn. There was significant variability in fecundity with length as a covariate among rivers, years and seasons. Mean number of eggs per female decreased between 8.3% and 29.0% from summer to autumn while mean number of eggs per cm decreased from 5.0% to 28.5%. Depending on the measure of relative fecundity used (no. of eggs kg⁻¹ or no. of eggs cm⁻¹), results of simulations showed that estimates of egg deposition incorporating defaults can deviate from those obtained by applying year-specific and river-specific values by 50–75%, without adjusting for the seasonal reduction in fecundity, and by 30–50% with an adjustment. A sensitivity analysis revealed that of three parameters used in the calculation of egg deposition (size, percent female and fecundity), fecundity was the most influential.     

微波功率对蛋清蛋白粉乳化特性的影响

【目的】研究微波真空冷冻干燥不同功率（100~500 W）对蛋清蛋白粉乳化特性的影响,为生产高品质蛋清蛋白粉提供参考。【方法】通过乳化性、Zeta电位、粒径、浊度以及傅里叶变换红外光谱、内源荧光光谱、扫描电镜、光学显微镜探究微波真空冷冻干燥不同功率对蛋清蛋白粉乳化特性和结构的影响。【结果】乳化性分析表明：随着微波功率的增加,蛋清蛋白粉乳液的乳化性和Zeta电位绝对值先增加后减小,平均粒径和浊度先降低后增加（P<0.05）,其中微波功率为300 W时,蛋清蛋白粉乳液的乳化活性指数和乳化稳定性指数均达到最大值,分别为62.35 m²/g和33.53 min;平均粒径最小,为1 203.67 nm,蛋清蛋白粉乳液粒度分布呈现单峰曲线,蛋白质更均匀地分布在乳液中。结构分析表明：随着微波功率的增加,蛋清蛋白粉二级结构中α-螺旋相对含量降低,β-转角相对含量先增加后降低;最大荧光发射强度降低,最大发射波长发生蓝移,蛋清蛋白粉微观结构展开程度先增加后减小,乳液液滴直径先减小后增大;其中微波功率为300 W时,蛋清蛋白粉乳液液滴直径最小且分布最均匀,蛋清蛋白表面展开程度最大,质地最疏松。【结论】微波真空冷冻干燥功率对蛋清蛋白粉乳化特性的影响显著,采用300 W微波功率处理蛋清蛋白,可显著改善其乳化特性。     

利用机器视觉与近红外光谱技术的皮蛋无损检测与分级

为了对优质蛋、次品蛋和劣质蛋这3种皮蛋进行检测及分级,该文应用机器视觉结合近红外光谱技术,研究利用皮蛋凝胶品质无损检测的分级方法。首先采集皮蛋透射光图像,提取18个图像颜色特征值,然后将所提取的18维特征利用主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)进行降维,对PCA降维后的3个主成分建立遗传算法优化支持向量机(genetic algorithm-support vector machine,GA-SVM)分级模型,把皮蛋样本分为两大类:可食用蛋(优质蛋与次品蛋)与不可食用蛋(劣质蛋),劣质蛋测试集识别率为100%。然后在机器视觉分类结果的基础上,利用近红外光谱技术获取可食用蛋(优质蛋与次品蛋)的原始光谱,并进行多元散射矫正(multiplicative scatter correction,MSC),利用竞争性自适应重加权算法(competitive adaptive reweighted sampling,CARS)降维提取特征波长,基于支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)对特征波长变量建立分级模型,区分出优质蛋与次品蛋,优质蛋测试集识别率为96.49%,次品蛋识别率为94.12%。研究结果表明:基于机器视觉和近红外光谱进行皮蛋凝胶品质无损检测分级是可行的。     

不同保鲜剂对常温下鸡蛋保鲜效果的影响

采用壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇、石蜡作为保鲜剂对鸡蛋进行保鲜效果的比较试验,通过对常温贮藏期间鸡蛋各项感官指标和内部品质指标变化的分析发现,上述保鲜剂单独使用时,液体石蜡保鲜效果极显著地优于对照组,聚乙烯醇次之,壳聚糖保鲜效果最差,但仍优于对照组.经液体石蜡涂膜处理的鸡蛋在25℃、60%～80%相对湿度条件下存放30天,鲜蛋率仍为100%,相当于对照组存放6天时的品质,失重率仅为0.73,蛋黄指数为0.37,浓蛋白含量为41.49%,蛋白pH值为7.77.     

鸡胚蛋方便食品加工工艺

对鸡胚蛋方便食品关键加工工艺进行了研究.试验结果表明,清洗后的鸡胚蛋在沸水中预煮8 min后,去除蛋壳并在盐水中漂洗5 min,在熬制好的卤汤中煮制30 min后捞出,再在160～190℃热油中炸制150 s,冷却后进行真空包装杀菌.     

鲜蛋中沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及生长模型分析

为了了解鲜蛋中沙门氏菌的污染情况及其生理特性,按照国家标准中蛋制品的检验程序,对养鸡场及市场共50个鸡蛋样品中的沙门氏菌进行分离,并对分离出的可疑菌株做生理生化鉴定试验,根据试验结果分析,确定其中1株为沙门氏菌,对其在温度37℃下的生长曲线进行数学分析,得出最适生长模型为MMF模型。     

高密度二氧化碳对蛋清液中沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌杀菌效果和杀菌动力学的研究

研究了不同温度、压力和时间条件下,高密度二氧化碳(DPCD)处理对蛋清液中沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的杀菌效果,并对DPCD处理蛋清液中大肠杆菌的杀菌动力学进行了分析。结果表明,在15 MPa,45℃下DPCD处理60 min,沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌分别降低了4.46和5.57个对数值,其中大肠杆菌对DPCD处理较沙门氏菌敏感。30 MPa,45℃,DPCD处理30 min,可以完全杀灭蛋清液中的大肠杆菌。线性模型能较好地拟合DPCD对大肠杆菌的杀菌效果,其中30 MPa,45℃下D值最小为5.830。     

鸡蛋蛋壳裂纹敲击振动功率谱信号特征参数筛选和分析

运用自行研制的禽蛋裂纹检测装置,可以采集并分析敲击鸡蛋产生的响应信号,检测裂纹蛋。提取敲击响应信号功率谱的10个特征参数,并采用逐步回归法和遗传算法进行优化和筛选,以期选取更有效的特征参数,提高模型检测精度。结果表明,遗传算法筛选结果明显优于逐步回归法。当采用遗传算法筛选的4个特征参数(功率谱信号的第1共振峰对应的频率点、第1共振峰的功率谱与其前4个频率功率谱的方差、前3个共振峰功率谱方差、中低频段功率谱能量比)作为判别模型的输入向量,模型能取得最优结果,预测集判别率可达到97.2%。