黑龙江省尚志市黑木耳产业发展现状·问题与对策

分析了黑龙江省尚志市黑木耳产业发展现状,尚志市在黑木耳产业发展中有着得天独厚的自然环境和政府政策优势,产业规模逐步扩大,产量逐年提升,产业布局范围广,并且在科研上投入较多,但是黑木耳产业发展也存在很多问题,如原料供应不足,环境污染严重,企业规模较小等。针对这些问题,提出了加大原木进口量、完善市场机制、提高科技水平、促进黑木耳深加工等相应对策,以促进尚志市黑木耳产业的发展。     

松口蘑的研究热点

揭开松口蘑与松科植物的共生关系，开发松口蘑的人工栽培技术已成为国际性的松口蘑研究课题。近年来，日本、瑞典、美国、韩国和新西兰等国的研究人员为鉴别松口蘑及其近缘种提供了有效的分子生物学手段，从形态解剖学、生理学上验证了松口蘑是典型的外生菌根菌的理论，同时也提出了松口蘑-宿主是一个动态的共生关系。松口蘑快速人工菌根的合成体系已经建立，为松口蘑人工子实体的诱导奠定了不可缺少的基础。这一领域的研究必将与植物学、菌物学和土壤学的研究紧密地结合起来，以共同开发松口蘑的人工栽培技术。     

萝卜溶菌酶抑菌效果的初步研究

研究了萝卜溶菌酶对白色葡萄球菌，金黄色葡萄球菌，枯草杆等３种革兰氏阳性基本国策 和变形菌、大肠杆菌，鼠伤寒沙门氏杆菌，多杀巴斯德氏杆菌，雏白痢沙门氏菌，产气杆菌等６种革兰氏阴性菌及酿酒酵母，总状毛霉，黑根霉、黑曲霉、青霉等５种真菌的抑制效果，同时还研究了萝卜溶菌酶对白菜软腐病菌，柑橘溃疡病菌，番茄青枯病菌，水稻细条病菌，水稻白叶枯病菌及烟草青枯病菌等６种植物病原细菌的抑菌效果。实验证明：萝卜溶菌酶     

侧耳属真菌系统分类研究概况

概述了侧耳属的建立简史及其属内种的传统分类方法和现代分类方法。传统分类方法是根据菌体的外部形态特征对菌体进行分类,其优点在于外部形态特征是由多基因控制,缺点为表观形态往往受环境的影响,具有极大的可塑性,对于这样的菌体则无法确定其种的地位;现代分类方法是利用同工酶谱系分析、RAPD技术、有性亲和测试等手段对菌体进行分类,该方法不受形态可塑性的影响,但对菌体形态及其相似的物种来讲,用现代分类方法进行分类又有局限性。侧耳属在分类等级上属于伞菌目、侧耳科。     

发光杆菌NJ菌株的抑菌活性研究

测定了发光杆菌NJ菌株对16种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,结果表明该细菌具有较广的抑菌谱,其中对甘蓝黑斑病菌、玉米大斑病菌、番茄猝倒病菌、玉米小斑病菌等植物病原真菌具有较强抑制作用。对该菌的发酵条件研究表明,该菌在种龄为24 h、接种量在4%～6%条件下,在TSY培养液中72 h即可获得较高的抑菌活性。而装瓶量为10～50 mL/100 mL锥形瓶,转速为120～200 r/min对菌的活性影响不大。不同温度处理发酵液,其抑菌活性发生变化,其中经60℃处理10 min后,抑菌活性降低约50%,说明发酵液中的抑菌活性成分可能有多种。     

烟草黑胫病生物防治研究进展

从烟草黑胫病的诱抗剂、拮抗菌及植物源杀菌剂等方面综述了烟草黑胫病生物防治的研究进展,并展望了今后对烟草黑胫病的防治方法及其发展前景。     

松口蘑的研究进展

详细论述了松口蘑的生物学特性、栽培技术及液体深层发酵技术，并探讨了过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶技术、原生质体技术、基因工程技术与DNA指纹技术在松口蘑研究中的应用及发展趋势。     

新型饲料添加剂药性菌质对鲫鱼生长免疫与养殖水体的影响

将药用真菌灵芝接种于固体培养基进行固体发酵, 得到药性菌质, 并将其作为饲料添加剂, 分别按0. 5%、1. 0%、2. 0%的比例添加到鲫基础日粮中, 通过检测鲫肝、肠中溶菌酶含量和养殖水体的pH、氨氮、溶氧等指标以及称其体重, 以研究其对鲫非特异性免疫功能及促生长的影响和药性菌质对养殖水体的影响。结果表明, 在饲料中添加一定比例的药用真菌发酵产物都能够提高鲫肝、肠溶菌酶活性水平, 其中以在日粮中添加比例为0. 5%的肝中溶菌酶活性最高(P < 0. 05); 而添加1. 0%的肠中溶菌酶活性最高(P < 0. 05); 添加1. 0%的鲫体增重比对照组提高了2. 9%, 而不同比例的药性菌质对水质的pH 高于对照组, 水中氨氮浓度低于对照组, 与对照组相比溶氧 量变化甚小, 试验组各项测定结果呈现一定的波动, 但试验组与对照组间各项测定指标均无显著差异(P > 0.05)。药性菌质可改善鲫的非特异性免疫功能、促进其生长、增强鱼体代谢, 但对养殖水体影响较小。     

New Polyketides from the Antarctic Fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11

The species Pseudogymnoascus is known as a psychrophilic pathogenic fungus with a ubiquitous distribution in Antarctica. Meanwhile, the study of its secondary metabolites is infrequent. Systematic research of the metabolites of the fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11, guided by the method of molecular networking, led to the isolation of one novel polyketide, pseudophenone A (1), along with six known analogs (2–7). The structure of the new compound was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic investigation and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Pseudophenone A (1) is a dimer of diphenyl ketone and diphenyl ether, and there is only one analog of 1 to the best of our knowledge. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antibacterial activities against a panel of strains. This is the first time to use molecular networking to study the metabolic profiles of Antarctica fungi.     

A fluorescence‐based assay for in vitro screening of Saprolegnia inhibitors

The incidence of fish pathogenic oomycetes, Saprolegnia, has increased significantly in aquaculture since the ban of malachite green. For the efficient characterization of anti‐Saprolegnia therapeutics, simple accurate methods are required. However, the current screening methods are limited by time, and none of them are confirming the viability of treated spores or hyphae. In this study, a modified fluorescence‐based assay for the in vitro screening of Saprolegnia inhibitors has been developed. This method involves the use of FUN‐1 viability dye combined with calcofluor white M2R, and is based on the formation of orange‐red cylindrical intravacuolar structures (CIVS) in metabolically active spores, hyphae and biofilms. Heat‐killed and bronopol‐treated Saprolegnia spores, hyphae and biofilms exhibited diffuse bright green fluorescence which confirms complete loss of viability. For boric acid‐treated spores, no germination was observed. However, tiny CIVS were observed in 50% of treated spores which indicated reduction in their viability. Our results proved that FUN‐1 dye is an efficient tool to distinguish between live and dead Saprolegnia spores, hyphae and biofilms and to monitor the change in Saprolegnia viability during qualitative evaluation of potential anti‐Saprolegnia compounds.