基于生态服务功能价值的会仙岩溶湿地生态补偿研究

借鉴条件调查法（CVM）中有关受偿意愿（WTA）和支付意愿（WTP）的基本原理及调查方法,调查了解会仙湿地周边居民的生态受偿意愿和桂林市市区居民对会仙湿地的生态支付意愿。运用市场价值法、影子价格法、替代花费法、条件价值法等方法对湿地生态系统的主要生态服务价值进行了核算。结果表明:（1） 会仙岩溶湿地生态服务价值为512 484 929.2元/年,平均39 180元/（hm²·a）;（2） 适宜的生态补偿值为16 144.5元/（hm²·a）。（3） 适宜的生态补偿的方式应该为现金补偿、政策补偿和智力和技术补偿。     

农村居民点整理影响下的景观格局及其生态效应研究

以天津市武清区下朱庄街农村居民点整理工程为例,采用ArcGIS 9.3和Fragstats 3.3数据分析平台研究工程影响下景观格局指标的变化规律;并进一步将生态系统服务价值计算同敏感度分析结合,探讨工程影响下的生态效应。结果表明:项目实施后,斑块破碎化程度增强,连接性以及斑块聚集性增强;生态服务价值提高22.12%,且生态价值敏感度变化在合理范围之内;景观生态风险值由0.76变为1.12,研究区生态风险从较高风险区转变为高风险区,表现出增加的趋势。该研究有效评价农村居民点整理的实施效果,为后期农村居民点整理决策制度提供科学依据。     

基于可视化分析工具的学科服务优化策略实例研究

通过在WebofScience（WOS）数据库收集国际上关于地中海贫血疾病的相关研究成果的期刊文献信息,利用可视化分析工具HistCite软件,对该领域的文献发表年代分布、主要研究机构、核心期刊和核心作者进行统计分析,利用高被引文献绘制出引文编年图,使研究人员能直观地了解该研究领域的历史沿革,方便研究者判断研究趋势和选取研究主题,并为进一步研究该领域提供重要文献信息。以此实证研究,给出一种学科服务的新方式,提高图书馆的学科服务质量。     

高校图书馆嵌入式学科服务与传统信息服务的比较分析

嵌入式学科服务是用户信息环境和用户信息需求驱动下的新型服务模式,与传统信息服务相比,其在服务原动力、服务理念、服务目标、服务主体与对象关系、服务内容、服务方式6个方面存在本质区别,但嵌入式学科服务又与传统信息服务紧密相连,它是由传统信息服务发展而来,是传统信息服务的深度深化,是未来图书馆学科服务深度发展的必然趋势。     

韩国国立公园管理探析

截至2013年, 韩国国立公园数量为21个, 占韩国国土面积的6.65%。韩国国立公园是韩国自然生态系统保护的核心, 也是韩国最美的游憩圣地。了解韩国国立公园管理体系对建设我国国家公园具有启示意义。文中介绍了韩国国立公园现状、管理体制、管理经验以及我国建立国家公园体制的情况; 提出借鉴韩国国立公园经验, 建议在我国国家公园建设中应正确认识国家公园功能、加强顶层设计、明确管理主体、健全法律法规、开展国际交流、强化学术研究和提高服务质量等。     

绿地生态效能研究中几个相近词汇的辨析

在城市绿地与生态研究领域中,生态效能、生态效益、生态效应、生态系统服务功能这4个词汇的出现频率很高,因字面相近,内容上关联性很强,在项目研究与论文写作中常有互相替换的现象。文中对这4个词汇的含义进行了辨析,以厘清词义的区别与差异,为今后更准确地使用专业词汇奠定基础。     

中南丘陵县域土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响--以湖南省醴陵市为例

应用Costanza生态系统服务价值计算公式和谢高地等人的中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值表,研究了醴陵市1996-2005年土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响.结果表明,土地利用变化主要体现为耕地、水域的减少和林地、建设用地的增加.价值系数的差异造成土地利用变化产生的生态系统服务价值相互抵消,但醴陵市生态系统服务价值仍减少了3 562万元,应引起相关部门的足够重视.     

城乡交错带土地利用变化及其生态效应

以泰安市岱岳区为例,运用1990年和2003年的土地利用数据,采用GIS与实地调查相结合,运用Costanza等提出的生态服务价值系数,分析了城乡交错带土地利用变化与生态服务价值的响应。结果表明：研究区1990～2003年间,建设用地、园地、水域呈增加趋势。林地、耕地、未利用土地呈减少趋势。区域生态服务总价值随土地利用类型的变化而变化,生态服务功能在气候调节、气体调节、废物处理、土壤形成与保护和食物生产等方面有所下降,而在娱乐休闲、侵蚀控制和原材料方面生态服务功能增强,说明城市的快速发展在一定程度上影响了城乡交错带的生态环境。     

Pollinator-dependent food production in Mexico

Animal pollination is one of the essential services provided by ecosystems to humans. In the face of a potential worldwide pollination crisis it is important to assess which countries may be more vulnerable in order to prioritize pollinator conservation efforts. The poverty level, the population density and the level of pollinator dependence for food provisioning are key aspects to identify vulnerable countries. We evaluate these aspects and determine the level of human food provisioning dependence on pollinators in Mexico, a developing and highly populated country. The diversity of crop species in Mexico is exceptionally high. Nearly 85% of fruit and/or seed consumed species depend to some degree on pollinators for productivity. Overall, pollinator-dependent crops generate larger income but cover a lower cultivated area and produce less volume compared to non-pollinator-dependent crops. Volume per unit area, however, as well as revenue per unit area, is much higher for pollinator-dependent crops. Native wild pollinators also play a key role in fruit or seed production of Mexican domesticated plant species and in the reproduction of many useful wild species. Thus, assuring free pollination services is particularly important in Mexico as the livelihood of a large proportion of the population exclusively and directly depends on ecosystem services for subsistence. Feasible conservation strategies involve the payment of environmental services to Ejidos (communal land tenure systems) making efforts to protect or restore plant resources and native pollinators, and the creation of new protected natural areas, which ensures food provision, mating and nesting sites for pollinators.     

Afforestation of semi-arid shrubland reduces biogenic NO emission from soil

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a central role in the formation of tropospheric ozone, hydroxyl radicals, as well as nitrous and nitric acids. There are, however, large uncertainties around estimates of global NO emissions due to the paucity of data. In particular, there is little information on the rate of NO emission and its sensitivity to processes such as land use changes in dry environments. Here we report on a two-year study on the influence of afforestation on soil NO fluxes in the semi-arid afforestation system in Southern Israel (Yatir forest, mean annual precipitation ∼280 mm). Laboratory incubations were carried out under seasonally defined conditions of soil moisture and temperature using soils sampled in different seasons from the native shrubland (taken both under shrub canopy and in the inter-shrub areas), and from the adjacent ∼2800 ha, 40-year-old pine afforestation site. Combining laboratory results with field measurements of soil moisture and temperature, we up-scaled soil-atmosphere NO fluxes to the ecosystem level. The different microsites differed in their annual mean NO release rates (0.04, 0.14 and 0.03 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ for the shrubland under and between shrubs and for the forest, respectively), and exhibited high inter-seasonal variability in NO emission rates (ranging from zero up to 0.25 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ in the wet and dry-rewetting seasons, respectively), as well as in temperature responses. Up-scaling results to annual and ecosystem scales indicated that afforestation of the semi-arid shrubland could reduce soil NO emission by up to 65%.