Seasonal variations in the diet and food selection of the Algerian hedgehog Atelerix algirus

The Algerian hedgehog Atelerix algirus is an insectivorous species. However, the exact composition of its natural diet remains largely undetermined, especially in relation to seasonal variations in food availability. From March to November, we simultaneously analysed the composition of 180 hedgehog faecal samples and food availability in the Soumman Valley, Algeria to assess food selection in this species. The faeces contained 196 different prey species, of which 92% belonged to the class Insecta. The highest prey species diversity was found in the Coleoptera order (100 species recorded) and the highest species occurrence was found in Hymenoptera (65% of the prey items, mainly represented by the harvester ant Messor barbarus, a crop-ravaging species). This study shows that the Algerian hedgehog is mainly a generalist species with a diet that is strongly linked to food availability. However, seasonal variations were observed in prey selection, and a notable shift in food preference was observed during autumn. The exact nature of these changes in feeding behaviour remains to be investigated, notably in relation to changes in energy requirements of this species before hibernation, in terms of quantity and/or quality.     

杜仲,农作物,蔬菜立体栽培结构的研究

对杜仲、农作物、蔬菜（简称“杜农蔬”）立体栽培作了研究,提出了平原农区适宜的立体栽培模式及与此配套的良种壮苗和栽培技术措施,并分析了立体栽培模式对小气候的影响。     

辽东林海中一颗璀璨的明珠——辽宁白石砬子国家级自然保护区

辽宁白石砬子国家级自然保护区位于辽东山区宽甸县北部,主要任务是保护长白、华北植物区系交汇地带原生型红松阔叶混交林的自然景观,为繁育珍贵树种、野生动物创造生存环境,开展生物生态科研、教学活动。是一个森林生态系统类型的自然保护区。保护区区划面积７４６７ｈｍ２,分为４个功能区,地形错综复杂,属温带大陆性气候。植物种类繁多,有维管束植物１０５４种,隶属１１４科、４４１属。植被类型多样,分为２个类型组,３个植被类型,５个植被亚型,９个群系组,１５个群系。动物资源丰富,共有脊椎动物１８７种,其中鱼类１６种,两栖类１０种,爬行类９种,鸟类１２６种,兽类２６种。保护区成立以来,自然资源保护取得了突出成绩,１７年来无森林火险火灾,乱砍滥伐、乱捕滥猎现象也很少发生。科学研究工作取得丰硕成果,产业创收也取得一定成绩。利用景观资源,开展生态旅游是保护区今后发展方向。     

Japanese service sector multinationals and the hierarchy of Pacific Rim cities

The explosive growth of Japanese service sector activities overseas since 1985 has had a significant impact on Pacific Rim cities. However, previous accounts of Japanese direct foreign investment in services have been constrained by official statistics which provide comparative information only at a national level. This paper uses establishment level data to assess changes in the spatial patterns of Japanese service firms among 35 cities as well as changes in the hierarchy of cities in the Pacific during the years 1985 to 1995. The period saw important changes in Japan’s economy such as the emergence of a ‘bubble economy’ up to 1990 and domestic recession after that. The results show the importance of Hong Kong, Singapore and Los Angeles as centres of Japanese service firms. However, the analysis indicates that a shift occurred in Japanese service sector focus over the study period, across the Pacific Rim from North America and Oceania to cities of the Asia-Pacific region. Along with that shift the concentration of services in just a few cities has remained unchanged, even though some new cities have emerged in importance.     

Rehabilitation of a lignite mine‐disturbed area in the Indian desert

Extensive lignite mining in the Indian (Thar) Desert commenced within the past decade. Accompanying extraction of this valuable resource there have been visible, important environmental impacts. The resultant land degradation has prompted concern from both public and regulatory bodies. This research assesses the success of rehabilitation plans implemented to revegetate a lignite mine‐disturbed area, near the village of Giral in western Rajasthan State. Rehabilitation success was achieved within the environmental constraints of this northwest Indian hot‐desert ecosystem using a combination of: (1) backfilling (abandoned pits) with minespoil and of covering the backfilled‐surfaces with fresh topsoil to a thickness of about 0·30 m; (2) use of micro‐catchment rainwater harvesting (MCWH) technique; (3) soil profile modification approaches; (4) plant establishment methodologies; and (5) the selection of appropriate germplasm material (trees, shrubs and grasses). Preliminary results indicate that the resulting vegetative cover will be capable of self‐perpetuation under natural conditions while at the same time meeting the land‐use requirements of the local people. The minespoil is alkaline in nature and has high electrical conductance. The average content of organic carbon, N, P and K is lower than in the regional topsoil. However, the concentration of Ca, Mg, Na and total S in the minespoil is much higher than in the topsoil. Further, the spoil material has no biological activity. Enhanced plant growth was achieved in MCWH plots, compared to control plots, where minespoil moisture storage was improved by 18–43 per cent. The rehabilitation protocol used at the site appears to have been successful because, in addition to the planted species, desirable native invasive species have become established. This study developed methods for the rehabilitation of lignite mine‐disturbed areas and has also resulted in an understanding of rehabilitation processes in arid regions with an emphasis on the long‐term monitoring of rehabilitation success. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

农业生态系统智能决策支持系统初探

建立了面向行政首长和农业主管部门的地、县级农业生态系统智能决策支持系统（ＩＤＳＳＡ）。系统实现“四库一体化”结构,提出全新的方法库概念和适合于大于知识库的产生式规则法、框架法、关系数据库法结合地知识表达体系。采取回旋阶梯式和缩进式结合的方法,通过推理、人机交互,较好地解决了农业决策的半结构化和非结构化问题。系统驱动为知识一数据的共轭驱动和用户驱动结合的模式。     

受控与自控棉田生态系统的能量流动研究

对陕西关中棉区受控与自控两类棉田生态系统的能量流动作了比较研究。结果表明：（１）两类棉田系统的食物网结构、营养层、生态锥体、生态效率等基本特征相似,在能量分配方面有量的差异;（２）天敌的利用效率在两类系统间有显著差异;（３）受控棉田系统的现存量与摄能量的营养级金字塔具有更快的递降率。     

湘中地区中稻碳通量的变化特征

采用涡度相关技术对湘中地区中稻大田生育期(2019年6—9月)的碳通量进行了连续观测,分析了稻田生态系统碳交换中的净碳交换量(NEE)、总初级生产力(GPP)和总呼吸(Reco)的变化特征。结果表明：中稻大田生育期内碳通量具有明显的日变化和季节变化特征,碳通量月平均日变化总体成“U”形单峰曲线变化,不同月份的差异体现在“U”形的高度上;中稻大田生育期内不同生育时期的固碳能力有所不同,孕穗期、齐穗期、灌浆中期、分蘖盛期、成熟期的固碳能力依次减弱;NEE、GPP和Reco的变化曲线分别呈现出“U”形、倒“U”形和偏锋特征;中稻大田生育期内的NEE总和、GPP、Reco分别为–173.93、587.62、413.68 g/m2。研究发现,湘中地区中稻大田生育期内表现出一定的碳汇功能,这也正是产量形成的物质基础和产量潜力挖掘的研究方向。     

森林生态系统中凋落物的分解、积累与归还的模型计算

本文在森林生态系统生物量增长遵循Mitscherlich 模型的结果这一假定下,推导的模型对森林生态系统凋落物的年凋落量、年分解量及累积量进行了推算,并得到了很好的验证。该模型给出了林地凋落物贮量—年凋落量—年分解率三者是森林凋落物动态、养分循环的三要素的生物学意义,它们组成一个紧密联系的动态系统,若已知其中的任何二者,都可以推算出第三者。同时提出了用林地死根总量以及根系的分解速率来推算森林生态系统根系的年死量,为计算森林生态系统根系的生产力提供可靠方法。     

以草业为纽带的桔园生态系统及其生态效益研究

在浙西红壤桔园套种牧草,建立以草业为纽带的"桔－草－畜（渔）"复合生态系统,对调节园地小气候、减少水土流失、改良红壤、促进畜渔业发展,具有良好的作用,生态、经济、社会效益明显。