油桐的生产现状及其发展建议

油桐是原产我国的世界著名的工业油料树种。油桐在我国16个省、市、自治区有栽培分布,栽培分布范围广,品种资源丰富,结实早,产量高。简单介绍了油桐的资源分布、栽培与利用及其栽培的优势,并提出把油桐生产列入国家生物质能源发展的范畴、把油桐生产列入“十一五”规划项目、开展油桐作为生物柴油使用的试验研究、恢复原来的油桐研究会、迅速搜集保存油桐种质资源等建议。     

昆明地区重大森林火灾火烧迹地可燃物能量分析

对昆明地区重大森林火灾迹地进行外业调查,并对其可燃物进行系统研究.结果表明:火烧迹地的地盘松幼林、光叶石栎和紫茎泽兰的可燃物绝对含水率分别为13％、11％和12％,可燃物载量分别为0.4、0.5和1.1 kg/m2,热值分别为20700、20600和19100 kJ/kg,单位面积热量分别为8280、10300和210...     

地形对天然次生林空间格局的影响

利用数字化地形模型(DEM)与景观类型图进行地理信息叠加,以定量化地反映主要群落在不同坡度、坡向以及坡位的空间分布,获得各群落的分布结构,数量化研究地形因素与植被分布的关系。在Arcgis及其3D和空间分析扩展模块的支持下,计算并探讨了老爷岭天然次生林主要树种(蒙古栎、榆树、水曲柳、胡桃楸等)在地形因子(坡度、坡向、坡位)各梯度级的分布比重及分布情况。结果表明,研究范围内样方的坡度在10．2°一22．5°之间。坡向分为5个等级,坡度及坡向差异显著。对坡度、坡向等地形因素及群落的物种组成进行半方差分析,发现三者的空间异质性尺度分别为31．2、161．6、17．3。地形因素的变化尺度远大于植被组成的变化,说明小尺度下地形因素不是影响群落内种群分布格局的唯一因素。坡度和坡向因子的块金值分别为9610及2 172,说明两者在小尺度下的某些过程不能忽视。植物与地形因素的相关分析表明,不同的种对地形的适应性有差异,群落中的9种主要植物可以分为4个生态种组。因此,群落的物种组成变化受到多种因素的影响,这种影响可以在地形变化中得到反映。     

电导法对11种常绿阔叶树种抗寒性的测定

以6年生11种常绿阔叶树种为试材,通过低温处理,用电导法测定叶片相对电导率。用Logistic曲线拟合求出拐点温度(即半致死温度)(tL50),作为各试材抗寒力评价的参考指标,并将11种常绿阔叶树种的半致死温度(tL50)进行比较。结果表明:11种试材抗寒性顺序依次为:北海道黄杨>大叶黄杨>刺桂>石楠>光叶石楠>爬行卫矛>扶芳藤>日本女贞>红叶石楠>桂花>女贞。     

2003—2018年中国森林火灾时空分布格局研究

基于2003—2018年的中国森林火灾统计数据,全面分析了森林火灾发生的时空分布格局,定量分析了其统计学规律,旨在为森林火灾预测、管理和风险决策提供基础支撑.分析结果表明,森林火灾的发生具有极强的随机性和离散性,通过森林火灾总次数、火场面积和受害森林面积的平均数来反映森林火灾发生风险将会导致评估结果偏高.森林火灾发生次...     

森林保险制度体系重塑与运行机制优化

森林保险市场存在有效需求不足、创新供给乏力、地方政府参与积极性低的供需双冷局面,财政补贴政策低效运行。其根本原因是缺乏独立的适应其特殊性的森林保险制度体系作为保障,致使现有运行机制不协同,产品体系不科学,补贴机制不合理,导致市场发展缓慢。为此,通过林业风险与林业生产的属性特征分析,确定我国森林保险属性定位应是有政府支持的商业性森林保险,在此基础上围绕运行模式、产品体系、财政补贴体系建立相应的运行机制,从而构建一套独立综合的森林保险制度体系与运行机制,以改善供需双冷市场僵局,保障财政补贴政策有效发挥,推动森林保险健康持续发展。     

活性氧调控果实发育成熟的研究进展

活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)存在于整个植物生长发育过程,一旦积累过多会导致氧化应激反应,但是适度的氧化胁迫有利于果实成熟。本文对活性氧影响果实成熟的生理机制,活性氧与激素互作调控果实成熟的机理,活性氧调控果实成熟的分子机制,以及活性氧与钙离子调控采后果实后熟等相关研究进展进行了总结和评述,旨在通过总结活性氧直接或间接调控果实衰老成熟的研究进展,为今后利用活性氧调控果实成熟提供理论依据和参考。     

江苏省小麦籽粒蛋白质达标弱筋小麦的适生性分析与评价

【目的】弱筋小麦是制作饼干糕点类食品的原料,其烘烤特性很大程度上取决于蛋白质的质和量。小麦籽粒蛋白质含量（GPC,%）不仅由品种的遗传特性决定,还受到气候、土壤、栽培措施等影响。明确江苏省弱筋小麦适宜种植区域以及其地理、气候影响因素,可为江苏弱筋小麦的种植区划提供理论依据。【方法】在2年江苏省小麦品质抽样调查数据的基础上,利用随机森林算法筛选重要性指标,结合单组率Meta分析及其亚组分析,探究地理位置及气象因子对江苏省小麦籽粒蛋白质含量（GPC）达到弱筋小麦标准可能性的影响。【结果】2个年度江苏省小麦GPC平均值为13.92 %,其中2018年、2019年小麦GPC变幅分别为11.06%—18.09%、10.20%—16.50%,平均值分别为14.52%、13.33%,GPC<12.5%的样品分别占比10%、29.71%。从地理分布看,江苏的东南沿湖沿海地区小麦GPC达到弱筋小麦标准的可能性最高,达标可能性最高可达92%,其次是江苏东部沿海地区以及江苏西北部沿河一带。种植地距离一级河流和湖泊或者海岸线的最短距离为20—30 km时,达标可能性相对较高,为23.95%。从气象因子方面看,生育前期特别是出苗期和拔节期,降雨量对江苏弱筋小麦的形成影响较为重要;生育后期尤其是开花期以及灌浆期后期,积温对小麦GPC的影响更重要;且出苗和拔节期的日照时数及开花期的降雨量对江苏弱筋小麦的形成亦很重要,其中,江苏小麦GPC达标弱筋小麦标准的可能性与出苗期的降雨量呈正相关,而与出苗和拔节期的日照时数、拔节期的降雨量以及灌浆后期积温则呈负相关。【结论】江苏弱筋小麦适宜的种植范围受到水系分布与气象因素的共同制约,主要集中在东部沿海和东南沿海沿湖地区。在出苗、拔节期降雨量和开花灌浆期积温适宜的情况下,西北沿河一带的小麦GPC也可达标弱筋小麦标准。品质区划应重点考虑地理位置（水系分布等）和气候分布。     

Exploring tree diversity and stand structure of savanna woodlands in southeastern Sudan

Savanna woodlands in Sudan host great biodiversity, provide a plethora of ecosystem goods and services to local communities, and sustain numerous ecological functions. Although the importance of the Acacia trees in these areas is well known, up-to-date information about these woodlands' diversity is limited and changes in their woody vegetation composition, density, diversity and relative frequency are not monitored over time. This study explored tree diversity and stand stage structure in Nuara Reserved Forest, a typical savanna woodland ecosystem in southeastern Sudan. A total of 638 circular sample plots (1000 m² for each) were established using a systematic sampling grid method. The distance between plots was 200 m. In each plot, all living trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥5.00 cm were identified and counted, and their DBH values were recorded. From these data, tree composition, diversity, density and stage structure were assessed. There were 12,259 individual trees representing four species (Acacia seyal, Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia Senegal and Acacia mellifera) that belong to two families. The dominant species was Acacia seyal. Average tree density was 191 trees/hm² and the Shannon-Weiner index for trees diversity was 0.204. Overall, young trees comprised 86.30% of the forest. The state of tree richness and density in the study area was low compared to other similar environments in the region and around the world. We recommended adoption of a proper management system that includes monitoring of woody vegetation diversity in this forest, and management actions to enhance tree diversity and sustain ecosystem services to local communities. In addition to care for the dominant Acacia seyal stands, more attention and conservation should be devoted to reestablishing Acacia senegal and Acacia mellifera trees because of their high ecological and economic values for local communities.     

Mapping the current and future distributions of Onosma species endemic to Iran

Climate change may cause shifts in the natural range of species especially for those that are geographically restricted and/or endemic species. In this study, the spatial distribution of five endemic and threatened species belonging to the genus Onosma (including O. asperrima, O. bisotunensis, O. kotschyi, O. platyphylla, and O. straussii) was investigated under present and future climate change scenarios: RCP2.6 (RCP, representative concentration pathway; optimistic scenario) and RCP8.5 (pessimistic scenario) for the years 2050 and 2080 in Iran. Analysis was conducted using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to provide a basis for the protection and conservation of these species. Seven environmental variables including aspect, depth of soil, silt content, slope, annual precipitation, minimum temperature of the coldest month, and annual temperature range were used as main predictors in this study. The model output for the potential habitat suitability of the studied species showed acceptable performance for all species (i.e., the area under the curve (AUC)>0.800). According to the models generated by MaxEnt, the potential current patterns of the species were consistent with the observed areas of distributions. The projected climate maps under optimistic and pessimistic scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively) of 2050 and 2080 resulted in reductions and expansions as well as positive range changes for all species in comparison to their current predicted distributions. Among all species, O. bisotunensis showed the most significant and highest increase under the pessimistic scenario of 2050 and 2080. Finally, the results of this study revealed that the studied plant species have shown an acute adaptability to environmental changes. The results can provide useful information to managers to apply appropriate strategies for the management and conservation of these valuable Iranian medicinal and threatened plant species in the future.