Role of social structure in establishment of an invasive large mammal after translocation

Background

Data on the movement behavior of translocated wild pigs is needed to develop appropriate response strategies for containing and eliminating new source populations following translocation events. We conducted experimental trials to compare the home range establishment and space-use metrics, including the number of days and distance traveled before becoming range residents, for wild pigs translocated with their social group and individually.

Results

We found wild pigs translocated with their social group made less extensive movements away from the release location and established a stable home range ~5 days faster than those translocated individually. We also examined how habitat quality impacted the home range sizes of translocated wild pigs and found wild pigs maintained larger ranges in areas with higher proportion of low-quality habitat.

Conclusion

Collectively, our findings suggest translocations of invasive wild pigs have a greater probability of establishing a viable population near the release site when habitat quality is high and when released with members of their social unit compared to individuals moved independent of their social group or to low-quality habitat. However, all wild pigs translocated in our study made extensive movements from their release location, highlighting the potential for single translocation events of either individuals or groups to have far-reaching consequences within a much broader landscape beyond the location where they are released. These results highlight the challenges associated with containing populations in areas where illegal introduction of wild pigs occurs, and the need for rapid response once releases are identified. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

Modernization of furrow irrigation in the South-East of France automation at field level and its implications

Surface irrigation rehabilitation in the South-East of France has shown success ever since the beginning of its development in the early 1980s. The gradual introduction of surface distributors, mechanized or automated has resulted in water savings and above all in decreased labor input. The distributors used are: gated pipes, layflat tubing, buried low pressure pipe and cablegation. They are used over an ever increasing area which attained about 1000 ha in 1987.Improvement is made in furrow head distribution as well as in field levelling, furrow flow evaluation, flow control at the head of the furrow and in the collective system.The effect of a modernized system and improved knowledge has been to make automated surface irrigation (particularly furrow irrigation) a modern application method in competition with techniques such as sprinklers and localized irrigation.Abbreviations ASAE American Society of Agricultural Engineers - CEMAGREF Centre d'Etude du Machinisme Agricole du Génie Rural des Eaux et des Forêts, Division Irrigation, BP 5095, 34033 Montpellier et BP 31 Le Tholonet 13612 AIX - ENGREF Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural des Eaux et des Forêts, Département Maîtrise de l'Eau et Développement, BP 5093, 34033 Montpellier - IRAT Institute de Recherche en Agronomie Tropicale, Zolad Mini Parc Bt7, 34100 Montpellier - P.V.C. Polyvinyl chloride - RNEDHA Réseau National Expérimentation Démonstration secteur Hydraulique Agricole, BP 5095, 34033 Montpellier - SCP Société du Canal de Provence et d'Aménagement de la Région Provençale, BP 100, 13603 AIX en Provence     

景观生态学原理在河道生态岸堤构

分析了传统水工设计中岸堤(岸坡)构建的弊端、简要介绍了国内外学者在河流的生态整治方面的思想与观点。从景观生态学的角度着重介绍了岸堤(岸坡)生态系统的组成和主要特征、生态岸堤的多种功能和景观生态学内涵；提出了在生态岸堤设计中的坚持生态优先，同时重视景观性和稳定性；根据使用材料的不同对岸堤进行分类,对生态岸堤的植物群落的构建进行分析。本文可为从而为生态岸堤的构建、河流、洪泛区的治理提供一定的思路和参考。     

有机废水产酸发酵的生理生态学分析

通过对产酸发酵细菌细胞内生物物理化学及发酵途径分析表明，控制生物产酸发酵类型的主要因素有ＮＡＤＨ／ＮＡＤ＋平衡和发酵产物酸性末端数量。根据微生物的生理生态学原理及试验结果分析，证实所发现的乙醇型发酵优于丁酸型发酵和丙酸型发酵。此外，还对氢分压与丙酸积累的相关性提出新的见解。     

无砂大孔绿化混凝土在河涌整治护

无砂大孔绿化混凝土多孔透水，其上可种植水生植物，用于河涌整治护岸工程，具有护岸、绿化造景、美化环境、改善水体生态平衡和净化水质等功能，是一种建造生态水工的绿色混凝土。试验发现无砂大孔绿化混凝土的最佳水灰比与水泥用量呈线性关系，随水泥用量增大而减小；强度随水泥用量增大而增大，呈线性关系；强度也随水灰比减小、龄期延长而增大。     

农村污染缓流水体的修复研究

农村缓流水体是维系乡村生态平衡的重要组成部分, 水质污染已成为国内乡村缓流水体普遍现状。讨论了农村缓流水体的污染成因，并以水生植物大漂为水体修复主体，进行了大漂的水体修复特性的试验，讨论了在可控条件下用大漂对缓流污染水体进行修复治理的植物修复技术及大漂在水体修复中可能带来的生态风险及其防范。     

岩溶地区生态环境可持续发展的生态足迹分析

本文以西南岩溶地区清镇市为例,采用生态足迹的理论和模型对2005年清镇市区域生态足迹状况进行了测算和分析,并与不同区域进行比较。结果表明:①清镇市2005年的人均生态足迹为2.5440hm2,超过了它的人均生态承载力;②清镇市2005年人均生态赤字为2.1240hm2,表明清镇市处于一种不可持续的发展状态;③清镇市2005年万元GDP生态足迹为2.8139hm2,高于中国西部的平均水平,资源利用为粗放消耗型。针对清镇市生态赤字的状况,提出了缓解该市生态压力、提高生态承载力的建议。     

四川阿坝州草原畜牧业现状、存在问题及发展对策

介绍了阿坝州草原资源和畜牧业发展现状,论述了草原生态保护与畜牧业的关系,剖析了草原生态与畜牧业发展中存在的问题,并针对存在的问题提出了实现草原生态保护和畜牧业平衡发展的对策。