盐生植物的生态环境意义研究

随着我国人口的不断增长、工业发展,污染问题愈来愈严重,可直接利用的土地资源相对有限,环境问题越来越引起重视.随着各类资源的勘探和开发,现有的可耕土地和可建土地均为极其宝贵且有限的资源.研究了盐生植物的生态环境意义,为生态环境的保护和改善提供了理论依据.     

京郊生态村可持续发展管理模式的探索 —以怀柔北宅村为例

以京郊生态村可持续发展管理模式研究为主体，对生态村建设的内涵及发展进行了回顾和分析。以怀柔区北宅村为具体实例，对北宅村实施生态村建设的措施以及为实现生态村建设的目标所进行的社会保障体系建设方面进行了研究和探讨。从而得出京郊生态村以集体经济为龙头，用科学的方法健全资产管理的法律监督机制，发挥组织体系的服务功能，加大农业教育投资，提高村民生活的整体水平，是实现可持续发展目标的途径之一。     

生态农业与绿色食品开发

论述了在农业发展新的形势下,加快生态农业与绿色食品开发的重要性,以及两者间的相互关联性和发展目标的一致性。     

北京灵山景区旅游发展的SWOT分析研究Analysis the Tourism Development of Beijing LingShan Scenicspot by SWOT 柴迪迪1,2,沈应柏2,张永1,付军利1,顾慈阳1,高同雨1,杨自立1,武雅娟1

灵山作为北京西部地区的天然生态屏障,其发展对整个北京地区生态和旅游有着深远影响,为给景区旅游发展提供有价值的参考,运用SWOT法对灵山景区旅游发展进行分析。结果表明：景区优势有资源丰富、基础设施健全、政策优势、成立生态修复基地、开展生态修复项目;劣势为思想认识不足、人才短缺、产品单一、交通不便、禁牧难推;机遇有旅游业蓬勃发展、市民健康消费、景区发展势头好、有力的战略引导;威胁有区域竞争激烈、欠缺文化发展、景区经营不成熟、生态环境脆弱。灵山旅游的发展应以“S+O”战略为主,积极发展农业生态旅游。     

Development and Build of Green Ecological Residential Guarter

This paper, from the perspective of green ecological construction, discusses the development tendency of green ecological residential quarter, analyses the cause, implication, characteristics and practical functions of green ecological residential quarter. And it proposes some suggestions of developing and constructing green ecological residential quarter with green design, wholesale afforestation, green building materials, energy saving and water saving, green lighting, classified garbage disposal and so on. The paper then raises some new suggestions about the programme and design of green ecological residential quarter.     

旱地谷子集水保水技术的生理生态效应

将地膜覆盖与保水剂两种集水保水技术集成应用，观测了抽穗期不同处理谷子光合作用日变化，分析了不同集水保水技术对产量和水分状况的影响。结果表明，各处理光合速率日变化存在“午休现象”，两种覆膜方式结合使用保水剂的处理使这种趋势有所减轻；蒸腾速率日变化为“单峰曲线”，气孔导度以上午8:00最高。地膜覆盖与保水剂处理表现出一定的增产和提高水分利用效率的效果，平膜方式与垄沟方式分别较露地栽培增产78.98％、60.12％，保水剂使用较不使用平均增产7.66％，季末垄膜沟植有较好的水分效应，收获后2 m土层贮水量平均较对照增加59.9 mm。     

甘蓝型油菜DH系在不同生态区SPAD值的差异分析

以甘蓝型油菜纯合双单倍体(DH)为材料,研究不同生态环境下油菜叶绿素SPAD值的变化状况,揭示叶绿素含量遗传表现规律,创制更高叶绿素含量种质资源,以期为油菜高光效育种奠定方法和理论基础。选取了170份甘蓝型油菜DH系,连续3年分别种植在冬油菜区(陕西大荔)和春油菜区(甘肃张掖)。结果表明:无论是不同遗传背景的DH系、还是同一亲本下的不同DH系材料,油菜DH系叶绿素含量在田间既表现出遗传稳定性,又容易受到外界环境影响,即在相似的生态条件下,同一区域即便不同年份的各DH系材料,叶绿素SPAD值的表现基本一致,但在不同生态区,油菜DH系的SPAD值差异很大。通过对油菜DH系亲本和DH系叶绿素SPAD值频数分布分析,叶绿素含量连续3年在2个生态环境具有广泛的连续分布,并且服从正态或者近似于正态分布,以及超亲分离的特点。这些都表明油菜叶绿素含量是一个典型的数量性状,受到多对基因的控制。     

Herbicide-tolerant crops in agriculture: oilseed rape as a case study

Oilseed rape has been modified extensively by conventional breeding for the production of varieties useful for human consumption (blended vegetable oil and margarine) and industrial processes (rubber additives and high‐temperature lubricants). Because much is now known about its genetic and biochemical composition, it has been an obvious choice for genetic modification and is now at the forefront of the commercial development of genetically modified (GM) or transgenic crops. Around the world, the increase in commercial plantings of all transgenic crops has been rapid. In 1996, 1.7 million hectares were planted, but by 1998 this figure had jumped to 27.8 million ha. The area in the year 2001 is likely to be about 50 million ha. With the possible introduction of transgenic varieties into European agriculture, it is essential that the associated farming practices employed are appropriate for their growth, both from a commercial and an environmental viewpoint. Some of the first transgenic crops are those carrying agronomic traits, e.g. herbicide tolerance transgenes. However, before full commercialization occurs, important agronomic and environmental questions need to be answered. How are these new crops to be incorporated into existing cropping practices? How will this change the current herbicide use profile for a given crop? Do herbicide‐tolerant varieties enhance or impede integrated pest management schemes? What is the likely uptake of such crops in agriculture? What are the ecological implications of their introduction? Are there effective measures to control the spread of transgenes to wild relatives? This paper addresses these questions, with special emphasis on oilseed rape production in the UK, but includes examples from other crops and countries where appropriate.     

发展生态农业 促进农业可持续发展

山西省地处黄土高原,农业生产条件差,环境污染也比较严重。要改变农业生产的现状,必须走可持续农业发展的道路。生态农业是在保护环境的基础上,合理优化配置各种生物资源和自然资源的一种高效率的农业生产模式,只有走生态农业的道路才能实现农业的可持续发展。