四川桤木人工林不同年龄段生物量的研究

对湖南湘西北地区3个立地条件相近的5年生、8年生和14年生四川桤木人工林的生物量进行了研究.结果表明:3个年龄段桤木林分的生产力分别为14.40、13.30、16.67 t·hm-2,均表现出较大的生产力.     

中国东北地区的立木腐朽菌

简要论述了中国东北地区的立木腐朽菌,共报道危害活立木的木腐菌４９种,对每个种的寄主、腐朽类型及分布进行了报道,它们中多数造成白色腐朽,少数导致褐色腐朽,其中在我国首次报道为森林病原菌的种类有：白黄小薄孔菌Ａｎｔｒｏｄｉｅｌｌａ ａｌｂｏｃｉｎｎａｍｏｍｅａ,奥氏蜜环菌Ａｒｍｉｌｌａｒｉａ ａｓｔｏｙａｅ,亚黑管孔菌Ｂｊｅｒｋａｎｄｅｒａ ｆｕｍｏｓａ,硬栓孔菌Ｆｕｎａｌｉａ ｔｒａｇｉｉ,小孔异担     

油茶花药培养褐化愈伤组织的组织化学分析

为了找到油茶花药培养中愈伤组织褐化与生理生化指标之间的关系,了解褐化的本质原因,从而确定更加有效的培养技术措施,以普通油茶花药培养中褐化的愈伤组织为材料进行了组织化学分析。结果表明:无褐化愈伤组织的细胞含淀粉、脂滴相对较多,而褐化愈伤组织细胞的含量相对较少;褐化愈伤组织的细胞含单宁类物质、过氧化物酶含量相对较多,而无褐化愈伤组织的细胞含量相对较少。     

酸枣人工混交林涵养水源功能研究

分别从林冠层、灌木层、草本层、凋落物层及土壤层对酸枣×马尾松、酸枣×杉木混交林及马尾松、杉木纯林涵养水源功能的研究结果表明：林分组成结构的不同导致了其涵养水源功能的较大差异．不同林分的持水量大小排序为：酸枣×杉木混交林＞酸枣×马尾松混交林＞杉木纯林＞马尾松纯林．林分不同层次的持水量大小排序为：土壤层＞林冠层＞凋落物层＞灌木层＞草本层．酸枣混交林具有比其纯林更好的涵养水源功能     

黑龙江省森林植物园水曲柳风景游憩林林下植被生态位研究

对黑龙江省森林植物园水曲柳风景游憩林林下植被的主要植物种群的生态位宽度、生态位相似比例和生态位重叠分析表明,山丁子、长白忍冬、水曲柳、家榆、糖槭和接骨木生态位宽度值较大,上层林分主要树种水曲柳林下更新苗生态位宽度比其他植物种林下更新苗的生态位宽度较高,水曲柳更新程度较好。林下植物种群的生态位相似性比例值和生态位重叠值相对较低。说明不同种群间对资源的竞争相对不剧烈,可采取人工措施改善树种的配置,促进生态位分离。     

基于ArcGIS的林地面积精确分割方法研究

以ArcGIS 10.2.2浮动版为平台,结合实例阐述在宗地结构中用宗地编辑器分割宗地,从宗地结构中导出图层,将图层和从宗地结构中导出的图层加载到ArcMap内容列表中,在ArcMap内容列表中用裁剪面工具捕捉导出图层的端点、折点分割图层,实现林地面积精确分割。认为该方法在林业工作中是一种实用的方法。     

海南乐东5种森林土壤有机碳储量的比较

对海南乐东的次生林、大叶相思(Acacia auriculiformis)、木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia)、桉树(Eucalyptus robusta)、椰树(Cocosnucifera)等5种典型森林土壤有机碳含量、密度及储量进行了比较分析。结果表明,5种森林0~100 cm土壤有机碳平均含量介于1.55~8.52 g/kg,以次生林最高,大叶相思和木麻黄最低;5种森林0~100 cm土壤有机碳密度介于1.51~9.49 kg/m~2,以次生林最高,木麻黄最低;5种森林0~100 cm土壤有机碳储量分别为次生林94.86 mg/hm~2、椰树73.72 mg/hm~2、桉树44.93 mg/hm~2、大叶相思30.80 mg/hm~2、木麻黄15.10 mg/hm~2,4种人工林土壤碳储量要低于天然次生林。     

水稻多基因型种群品种不同生态稻区的适应性研究

旨在探究水稻多基因型种群品种在不同生态稻区的适应性和稳定性,为多基因型种群品种的推广提供依据。选用参试品种‘尤群6号’、‘南八糯’和对照品种‘红优7号’开展田间试验,通过抗病性、农艺性状等指标进行综合评价。结果表明：参试品种‘尤群6号’(0.40~0.95 kg/m2)和‘南八糯’(0.81~1.04 kg/m2)在4个稻区产量显著高于对照品种（尤群6号在文山地区表现除外）;田间发病总体较轻,个别品种在局部试验点表现有差异,‘尤群6号’在文山稻瘟病发生 (DI=48.66)和粳稻区楚雄稻曲病发生相对较重,仍需继续种植综合观察;品种生育期随试验点海拔的升高而缩短,株高随月平均气温升高而增高,品种内株高变异系数介于1.97~6.13之间。研究表明参试品种在籼粳混栽区红河表现最佳,籼稻区德宏表现较好,在文山、楚雄田间表现有待继续评价;总体上,表现出较好适应性和稳定性。     

Dietary plasticity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in response to long‐term environmental change

Corrigan LJ, Winfield IJ, Hoelzel AR, Lucas MC. Dietary plasticity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) in response to long‐term environmental change.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2011: 20: 5–13. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract –  In the face of widespread environmental change impacts, there is a need to better understand mechanisms promoting flexibility and resilience of ecosystem components to such change to inform strategies for conservation. Glacial relict species are especially vulnerable to such changes. We investigated the behavioural responses of a native, glacial relict species, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) to long‐term environmental changes. It was hypothesised that changes in feeding behaviour would occur as a key intermediary to reduction in habitat availability (through climate change and eutrophication) or competitive interactions [with introduced roach (Rutilus rutilus)]. Stomach content analysis was used to assess the diet of 199 charr caught from Windermere, United Kingdom, in the months of March, June, September and November 2003–2007. The results were compared to data from 1940 to 1951 prior to the environmental changes and revealed a marked increase in the contribution of benthic invertebrates in the present diet. Stable isotope analysis confirms the results of the stomach analysis, suggesting that the charr have switched their diet from zooplanktivory towards benthivory. We discuss the possibility that habitat modification and roach population expansion in Windermere have contributed to changes in charr diet. Complementary studies suggest that this diet shift is more likely to be a response to the increasing roach population than to habitat modification; however, further study in Windermere would be required to elucidate the exact mechanism. Long‐term data sets such as these provide information that is useful for determining the directivity of ecological change and the capability of species to respond to change.     

Obstacles to migration constrain nest distribution of Atlantic salmon

Abstract – Programmes of habitat restoration usually assume that the targeted populations will readily colonise the newly provided habitat. However, this assumption may not always hold, and the success of restoration may be impaired if the individuals are driven to aggregate in areas of the habitat already available instead of spreading to new ones. We investigated how weirs situated along a river could drive Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to aggregate their redds and tested whether aggregation intensified at low fish density. For this, we applied spatial point pattern analysis to a data set consisting on the distribution of salmon redds in a small river over 15 years (1992–2006). Within the habitat suitable for spawning, redds were significantly aggregated, especially in the first 15 morphodynamic units below weirs. Our results suggest that the constraint imposed by obstacles on redd distribution should be considered when conducting habitat restoration.