人文因素视域下西藏草地退化问题研究

选择西藏藏北地区那曲市附近3个典型乡(镇)——那曲镇、罗玛镇、孔玛乡所属的行政村,采用参与式农村评估法中的半结构式访谈对当地的牧户进行了大量的问卷调查,以透过人文因素视角对草地生态问题进行研究,挖掘和剖析牧户特定的生态观念及生产方式,从而为该地区草地—家畜—人群生态体系和谐共处、生态环境脆弱性评价以及有针对性地进行草地生态保护提供参考依据。调查结果表明,70%的牧户认为草地质量变差,且65.0%的牧户认为鼠、虫害是造成草地退化的首要原因;在对草地退化所采取措施的认知中,21.7%的牧户认为应该减少牛、羊数量。     

青海省家畜生态类群分析

利用家畜生态适应指数 ,对全省各县的家畜进行了家畜生态类群优势序列的排列。结果表明 ,青海省各县饲养的家畜种类可概分为 10大优势生态序列 ,基本上反映了该地区饲养家畜的特点。其方法适宜 ,结果可信。按不同生态适宜家畜序列进行专业化生产 ,会对畜牧生产具有促进作用     

Non-genetic factors affecting reproductive traits in Lohi sheep

Abstract

The data on breeding and performance records (3830) of 1134 Lohi ewes kept at an Institutional Livestock Experiment Station, Okara in Punjab province during the period from 1972 through 2001 were used to study the influence of some non-genetic factors such as year and season of birth/lambing, age and weight at first service sex of lamb born, birth type, age of dam on various reproductive traits. The age of ewes at first service averaged 615.6±8.2 days and was not significantly affected by the year and season of birth of the ewes. The ewes born during spring season had comparatively low (613.6±7.9 days) age at first service than autumn born (617.5±9.8 days). The type of birth did not significantly influence age at first service. The least squares mean for the weight at first service was 42.10±0.24 kg and was significantly (P<0.01) influenced by the ewe's year and season of birth. The spring-born ewes were heavier (42.3±0.3 kg) at first service than autumn-born ewes (41.9±0.3 kg). The weight at first service was also significantly affected by the age at first service. The type of birth did not significantly influence weight at first service. The number of services per conception averaged 1.29±0.03 and varied significantly (P<0.01) between seasons. The number of services per conception was higher (1.37±0.02) in ewes bred during autumn than those bred in spring (1.16±0.06). The effects of years and weight at service on the number of services per conception were non-significant. The number of services per conception significantly increased with advancing age. Mean gestation period was 152.31±0.08 days and it was significantly affected by the years and seasons of lambing and the age of the ewe at lambing. However, gestation length was not significantly affected due to birth type and sex of the lamb born.     

Influence of the Expert Effect on Cultural Models

We examined hunters’ perceptions of fauna to see if expert hunters and other hunters perceive wildlife abundance similarly. We used cultural consensus analysis (CCA) to assess the knowledge of 25 hunters in the Bolivian Amazon about the abundance of 38 animals. CCA indicated highly shared beliefs among hunters concerning wildlife abundance (average agreement = .62). However, expert hunters (as judged by their reported successful hunts of rare species, having hunted recently, and consuming more game in their diet) perceived more animals as abundant than did non-experts, although they all shared the same model. Since the expert hunters did not always agree on which species was more abundant, they had low cultural knowledge scores in CCA results. These experts may be unwilling to curtail hunting efforts on key species that they perceive to be abundant.     

科学发展观的评价指标体系构建

本文通过对科学发展观基本内涵的剖析，以及专家们的见仁见智，得出科学的发展观应该是经济发展、社会进步、生态良好，并通过运用模糊数学方法在层次分析法的基础上对一些核心的量化指标进行了综合评价和权重的优化，进而构建了科学发展观的评价指标体系，以期能更为科学地评价我们的社会是否在更加科学地发展。     

基于Web 2.0的农业信息服务平台研究

针对我国农业信息服务平台网站建设存在的问题,从理论和技术层面对农业信息服务平台建设的可行性进行了分析,在此基础上提出了我国农业信息服务平台网站发展的模式,以及新形势下农业信息服务平台网站建设的策略。     

草坪在城市生态系统中的作用及其应用分析

论述了草坪在城市生态系统中的作用,如改善小气候、净化大气、保持水土等。分析了目前我国城市草坪的应用现状,并对我国草坪业的发展方向进行了研讨。     

A new galago species for South Africa (Primates: Strepsirhini: Galagidae)

The primate fauna of South Africa has historically been viewed as comprising three diurnal cercopithecoid taxa – chacma baboons (Papio ursinus), vervet (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) and samango monkeys (Cercopithecus albogularis) – and two nocturnal lorisoid species – the thick-tailed greater galago (Otolemur crassicaudatus) and the southern lesser galago (Galago moholi). Here we report the positive identification of a third galago species within South Africa’s borders: the Mozambique dwarf galago or Grant’s galago, Galagoides granti (Thomas and Wroughton, 1907). The taxon was previously held to be restricted to Mozambique, eastern Zimbabwe, Malawi and Tanzania, but we have also observed it in the sand forest of Tembe Elephant Park and the Tshanini Community Reserve, near the Mozambique border. The species was formerly mistaken for Galago moholi, erroneously (we believe) extending the range of the latter species into northern KwaZulu-Natal. In South Africa the two small galagos are unlikely to have overlapping ranges: Galago moholi prefers dry savanna woodlands, whereas Galagoides granti is apparently confined to dry sand forest. However, both species may coexist with the larger and more widespread Otolemur crassicaudatus, an inhabitant of moist savanna, forest edge and thicket. The true South African ranges of both small galago species need to be ascertained.     

张掖市生态循环农业与经济发展模式

本文立足张掖市生态优势,着眼循环农业发展,总结了张掖市发展生态循环农业的生态整合、减量化生产、生态链连接与转换、产业纵向拉长、产业横向延伸及庭院微循环等模式。分析表明,认识创新是发展生态循环农业的前提条件,理清基本思路是发展生态循环农业的关键所在,政府推动是发展生态循环农业的重要基础,市场化运作是发展生态循环农业的重要途径,科技创新是发展生态循环农业的核心手段,政策法规是发展循环经济型生态农业的重要保证。     

东祁连山不同土地利用方式下土壤重金属污染评价

本研究通过对东祁连山不同土地利用类型下土壤的7种重金属含量进行测定,结合青藏高原土壤元素背景值,对土壤重金属污染程度和综合潜在生态风险做出综合性评价。结果表明：7种重金属元素的均值都超过了土壤元素背景值,其中Zn和Ni平均含量较高,为196.67 mg·kg^-1和74.28 mg·kg^-1,分别是土壤背景值的3.20和3.00倍,形成了土壤重金属元素的富集现象;内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险系数法分析显示,各类型土地平均内梅罗综合污染指数为2.84,属于中度污染程度,其中农田平均污染指数最大,为3.10,达到了重度污染水平;草地为2.71,湿地最小为2.49,均为中度污染水平。各类型土地的综合潜在生态风险系数为94.31,其中农田类风险系数最高,为101.90,草地类为92.22,湿地为73.29;各类型土壤中Zn元素变异系数最低;Cd元素变异系数最高。