空蚀、磨损及其联合作用研究进展

空蚀、磨损及两者联合作用是目前流体机械破坏的重要原因，通过实验及数值模拟研究得到空蚀、磨损及两者联合作用的机理是发展流体机械优化设计方法、提高流体机械抵抗空蚀磨损破坏能力的基础．由于影响空蚀、磨损及两者联合作用行为的因素既有速度、压力等流场参数，又有沙粒和材料特性等，近年来此领域的研究在空蚀磨损及联合作用机理、各因素间的相互影响及高抗破坏材料等方面展开．基于此，本文选择性的分析了相关的报道文献，为进一步开展流体机械过流表面快速破坏机理的研究提供理论支持．     

供水系统摇蚊污染特征的调查和分析

供水流程中的摇蚊污染影响水厂生产和自来水水质，S市水厂进行的摇蚊污染特征调查结果表明，污染水厂的摇蚊优势种是花翅摇蚊，水厂孳生的摇蚊来源于进厂原水，摇蚊主要孳生分布在水厂沉淀池。水厂沉淀池形成摇蚊污染的主要原因有：原水的悬浮物和丰富的藻类，沉淀池的温度、溶解氧、pH值，摇蚊幼虫对氯离子和混凝剂浓度的较强耐受性。     

武汉市青山地区老粘土的变形参数及承载性能研究

基于室内土工试验和现场试验成果，对武汉市青山地区的老粘土地基的变形参数进行研究；利用ANSYS有限元软件对老粘土地基进行数值模拟，并与构筑物地基沉降实测值对比，对地基承载性能进行研究。在小于600kPa荷载的作用下，可用Ew作为沉降计算参数；老粘土具有较高的承载能力，由老粘土构成的地基，其承载能力可按《建筑地基基础设计规范》中推荐的公式计算。     

折流式水解反应器处理印染前道废水进水pH的影响

印染前处理阶段的前道水在印染废水中占有相当的比重,且难降解.运用折流式反应器(HRT=12 h)对其进行了水解预处理研究,考察了在不同的进水pH时,反应器内各格室的COD值及其去除率随进水pH值的变化规律以及反应器出水BODs/CODcr的变化.试验结果表明,进水pH值适宜范围为7.6～8.8,COD去除率在29%～40%之间,出水BODs/CODcr由进水的0.35左右提高到0.45左右,为印染废水的达标排放处理的水解pH条件提供参考.     

基于稻草制造钵育秧盘水稻栽植机的研究

以稻草(植质)为原料,研制出水稻钵育秧盘。在以稻壳粉与土为原料混合研制人工苗床土的基础上,按基于稻草制造钵育秧盘水稻乳苗机械栽植技术的要求,设计和试制了水稻钵育乳苗栽植机,并进行了生产性试验,证明了该项技术是可行的。     

跌水坎流体动力性噪声模拟试验研

以流体声学相似原理为依据，对三种跌水坎形式进行噪声模拟试验。利用古典声学理论对背景噪声进行分析与修正，评估降噪的效果，确定跌水坎的修改形式。并对修改方案进行不同比尺的试验，对声强进行曲线拟合，绘制趋势线，推求原型噪声的大小，为工程建设提供参考依据。     

软硬物质分离技术及其关键设备的研究

根据农副产品加工技术的现状以及现有典型设备的适用范围和特点,介绍了农副产品软硬物质分离机的结构和工作原理.该机解决了现有同类设备加工品种单一的问题,可以用在农副产品、水产品加工领域,具有分离效果好、含杂质率低、产品产出率高和结构独特等特点.     

克隆植物中国沙棘种群稳定性维持途径的探讨

中国沙棘属于阳性树种,因此有些学者将其视为群落演替过程中的先锋种群,而有些学者的研究表明它在自然状态下更新良好。近年来的研究进一步证明,中国沙棘能够依靠克隆生长所赋予生理整合和觅养行为等特性提高环境资源的利用效率以及自身的繁殖和生存有效性,通过林窗更新和林缘扩散等途径维持种群的稳定性和持久性。     

Irrigation scheduling in a mature peach orchard using tensiometers and dendrometers

Three trickle irrigation schedules, two of which were scheduled according to soil water potential ( soil) (tensiometer method) and daily stem contraction (DSC) (dendrometer method) respectively and the other one was a schedule of restricted water supply, were applied to a mature peach orchard.The annual water application based on soil was greater than that based on DSC. However, tree growth, fruit size and leaf water potential (leaf) on the trees in the dendrometer scheduling plot did not differ from those in the tensiometer scheduling plot while the premature fruit drop and fruit bud initiation were greatly different. The restricted water supply treatment limited significantly both tree and fruit growth. In addition, the lower leaf was observed on the trees in this plot.Further study shows that use of the dendrometer method for scheduling irrigation satisfies the water needs of the plant and that the tensiometer method is less accurate.Abbreviations leaf leaf water potential - soil soil water potential - DSC daily stem contraction - LVDT linear variable displacement transducer - PET potential evapotranspiration     

Division of irrigation water in The Fayoum,Egypt

The division of irrigation water in The Fayoum, Egypt, has been measured. Factors influencing this division are discussed: the hydraulic conditions at structures and canals, the operation regime of gates, lack of reliable gauge data for system operation, shortage of labour, and the water level in Lake Qarun. A deviation from uniform supply has been found for the entire Fayoum, but also along a lateral and sub-lateral. The reasons for this are discussed and suggestions for possible technical improvements of The Fayoum system are given.Abbreviations FWSBM Fayoum Water and Salt Balance Model Project - MSL Mean Sea Level at Alexandria - FID Fayoum Irrigation Department - mcm million cubic metres