干旱胁迫下大豆品种抗旱性评价与筛选

选用43个大豆品种,利用盆栽干旱胁迫的方法,对叶片萎蔫度、抗旱系数、抗旱指数和隶属函数等指标进行综合评定,筛选抗旱型大豆品种。结果表明:利用上述4种方法筛选出3个高抗旱型品种分别为PI47938、通州豆、中作92-51,8个中抗旱型大豆品种分别为中黄1号、中黄10号、中作96-2、早熟18、科丰6号、中作305、中作96-952和科丰14;上述品种可以作为抗旱品种选育的亲本材料。     

Changes in DNA Methylation Pattern at Two Seedling Stages in Water Saving and Drought-Resistant Rice Variety after Drought Stress Domestication

Recent studies revealed that DNA methylation plays an important role in plant growth and development. In this study, a water-saving and drought-resistant rice variety Huhan 3 was subjected to drought stress from tillering to grain-filling stages in six successive growth cycles. The variations in DNA methylation pattern between the original generation （Go） and the sixth generation （G6） were analyzed by using methylation sensitive amplification polymorphism method. The results revealed that the methylated loci accounted for 34.3% to 34.8% of the total loci. Among these methylated loci, 83.1% to 84.8% were full- and hyper-methylated and 15.2% to 16.9% were hemi-methylated. The DNA methylation level decreased from the three-leaf to four-leaf stages in Huhan 3. Differentially methylated loci （DML） between generations or/and between different developmental stages accounted for 4.0% of the total loci, most of which were only related to plant development （57.9%）. Compared to Go, the DNA methylation pattern of G8 changed after drought domestication, at the three-leaf stage, de-methylation accounting for 59.1%, while at the four-leaf stage, re-methylation for 47.9%. Genome-wide alternations of DNA methylation were observed between the two seedling stages, and DML mainly occurred on the gene＇s promoter and exon region. The genes related to DML involved in a wide range of functional biology and participated in many important biological processes.     

玉米抗旱化学调控技术研究进展

干旱是影响玉米生长发育及产量的主要气象因子之一。为了找到有效的减灾保产途径,提高玉米的抗旱性,本研究介绍了玉米抗旱化学调控技术,总结了干旱胁迫对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生理生化的影响,概述了植物的抗旱机制,并归纳了化学调控技术在玉米抗旱性方面的应用。最后指出化学调控技术应用过程中存在的问题,并提出了应注重混合剂型的研发及应用的建议。     

转cry1C~*籼型抗虫节水抗旱稻的获得及鉴定

通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法,将cry1C*基因导入籼型节水抗旱稻品种‘旱恢3号’中。通过对Basta抗性植株的PCR筛选和Southern检测证实,cry1C*基因已整合到受体品种中;田间自然感虫试验显示,转基因植株对稻纵卷叶螟具有明显的抗性。     

抗旱植物梭梭的生理状况与水分的关系

治理荒漠化不仅是一个重要的生态环境问题,也是人类所面临的一个非常严峻的经济和社会可持续发展问题。结合实验数据,对水分与抗旱植物梭梭生长状况之间的关系进行了分析,针对新疆干旱的具体情况提出了一些对策。尤其强调了沙漠抗旱植物梭梭在极度缺水的情况下的生长状况。     

垄上镇压玉米精密播种机保墒抗旱机理的研究

秋季采用灭茬、深松、培肥、起垄、镇压、同机联作等耕作方式，使土壤蓄水保墒，春季采用垄上镇压玉米精密抗旱播种机播种。3年的大面积田间试验结果表明：使用该播种机在春旱的4～6月降雨量仅有9．5mm的特殊年份，每公顷保苗株数5．52万株；4～9月份降雨量162.49mm条件下产量达到8992kg／hm^2。季节性干旱能够保住全苗，全年少雨的情况下没有绝收。垄上抗旱玉米精密播种机具有减弱水气对流损失、抵御干旱、提墒、保湿的作用。     

甘蔗叶片的几个生理特性与抗旱能力的关系

在旱地栽培条件下，选用Ｆ１７２、Ｆ１３４、选蔗３号、桂糖１１号和粤糖５７／４２３为试验材料，于分蘖期、伸长初期、伸长末期、工艺成熟初期分别测定光合强度和比叶重，于分期和伸长初期测定气孔扩散阻力、蒸腾速率和叶温。结果发现，甘蔗＋３叶的光合强度、比叶重、气孔扩散阻力和蒸腾速率与栽培品种的抗旱能力有密切联系，表明利用甘蔗叶部的某些理化性状来预测甘蔗的抗旱能力是可能的     

西宁曹家堡机场飞行区土面保护的初步研究

简要报道了曹家堡机场飞行区的气候特点 ,讨论了土壤、植被和耐旱耐盐碱植物的种植结果。     

香菇菌糠作栽培基质对番茄幼苗生长的影响

以香菇菌糠为基本栽培基质,将其分别与土壤、煤渣和珍珠岩等混合,研究在干旱胁迫下不同基质配比对番茄幼苗期生长的影响。结果表明:不同处理下番茄幼苗的萎蔫率大小依次为T3相似文献   

抗旱剂处理对玉米种子的萌发及苗期抗旱力的影响

在聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫条件下,研究了3种不同抗旱剂对玉米抗旱性的影响。结果表明,经过有效微生物群(EM)、旱地龙和木醋液浸种提高了苗期叶片保水能力。且在干旱胁迫条件下,与对照相比,经过EM、旱地龙和木醋液浸种提高了发芽率,减小了对胚根、胚芽、叶绿体以及膜结构的伤害,其中以EM浸种受干旱胁迫影响最小。