Quantitative trait loci for fruit size and flowering time-related traits under domestication and diversifying selection in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

In cucumber, the genetic basis of traits under domestication and/or diversifying selection is not well understood. Here, we reported QTL mapping for flowering time and fruit size-related traits with segregating populations derived from a cultivated × wild cross. Phenotypic data of flowering time (FT), fruit size (FS), fruit number (FN) and fruit weight per plant (FW) were collected in multiple environments. QTL analysis identified 19 QTL for these traits. We found that the major-effect QTL FT1.1 played an important role in regulating flowering time in cultivated cucumber, whereas the minor-effect QTL FT6.3 contributed to photoperiod sensitive flowering time during domestication. Two novel consensus FS QTL, FS1.4 and FS2.3, seem to be the targets of selection during breeding for the US processing cucumber. All other FS QTL were co-localized with previously detected QTL using populations derived from cultivated cucumbers, suggesting that they were under selection during both initial domestication and subsequent improvement. Results from this study also suggested that the wild cucumber is a useful resource for capturing positive transgressive segregation and novel alleles that could be explored in cucumber breeding.     

防风草在梅州地区的适应性栽培试验初报

防风草具有很好的医药治疗效果,全草含生物碱、黄酮甙、酚类等物质,具祛风除湿解毒之功效,主治感冒发热,腹痛呕吐,筋骨疼痛等。作为制药原材料发展种植前景广阔,而在梅州地区尚无防风草的栽培、开发与利用的相关报道。本试验以多种栽培模式进行适应性栽培,旨在研究梅州地区防风草的适应性情况,为梅州发展多种经济、充分利用丰富的山地资源、增加农民收入提供技术参考。     

体育院校大学生参加开放性实验的现状、问题与对策分析 ——以广州体育学院为例

目的：分析探讨开放性实验的现状及存在的问题，旨在提高体育院校开放性实验教学质量，培养综合素质高与专业能力强的有用人才。方法：运用资料分析法对广州体育学院十年来积累的开放性实验教学资料进行研究。结果：（1）开放性实验形成了比较有效的教学模式；（2）历年参加开放性实验的学生人数占当年在校生人数比例非常高；（3）开放性实验科目内容丰富，以验证性实验为主，兼顾综合性和设计性实验；（4）开放性实验教学效果比较满意，教学质量较高。（5）改进开放性实验教学方式、构建独立的实验教学体系等措施可以有效解决体育类大学生参加开放性实验存在的一些问题。结论：体育类大学生参加开放性实验能够有效地巩固所学理论知识，促进专业水平的发展，培养独立分析问题及解决问题的能力。     

Seed Shattering of Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)

Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) is a semi‐domesticated relative of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) with high nutritious quality. It is tolerant to frost, drought, saline soils and pests. One seed yield limitation is seed loss during the maturity stages. Two greenhouse experiments in Denmark and field experiments in Bolivia were carried out to determine seed shattering in landraces and cultivars with different growth habits. 15–21 % of the seed shattering in the fields took place whilst the plants still were flowering and 25–35 % during physiological maturity. Seed shattering varied between locations on the Bolivian Altiplano. Cañahua types with the semi‐prostrate growth (‘lasta’) had the highest seed shattering rate in the greenhouse experiments. The Umacutama landrace had lower seed shattering (1 %) than the cultivar Kullaca (7.2 %) both of the ‘lasta’ type. Under field conditions, the cultivar Illimani with the erect growth (‘saihua’) had the highest seed shattering rate (6.4–33.7 %) at both locations and at four different sowing dates. The Umacutama had the lowest rate (0.5–1.5 %). There were no significant differences between plants of the ‘lasta’ and the ‘saihua’ types. The landrace had significantly less seed loss than the cultivars. However, in the greenhouse, the landrace yield was approximately 25 % lower than the yields of the cultivars. In general, cañahua cultivars had higher yield compared to landraces, but also a higher seed shattering rate. Landraces may be used in breeding programmes to develop high‐yielding cultivars with reduced seed shattering.     

不同绿茶品种区域试验研究

本文对16个无性系绿茶品种的成活率、新梢物候期、发芽密度、鲜叶产量、制茶品质、抗性等性状进行分析,为国家级良种鉴定提供科学依据.结果表明,苏茶早、元宵绿、中茶108、武义早等4个品种为特早生种；中茶108、81-8-30、中茶302等3个品种的产量极显著高于CK种,武义早的产量显著高于CK种；桂香18、六杯香、鸠20、中茶302、春波绿、81-8-30、南江1号等7个品种的品质优于CK；中茶108、81-8-30等2个品种的耐寒性表现为强,浙农139、中茶302、桂香18等3个品种的耐旱性表现为强.     

当前远程实验教学的现状及对策

远程实验教学在远程教育中起着重要作用,是远程教育深入发展和构建学习型社会的需要,是实施素质教育、培养创新意识和实践能力的重要环节。但由于多种原因,远程实验教学在远程教育中还是一个薄弱环节,存在许多问题。要想促进远程教育的深入发展,提高远程实验教学的质量,就必需解决远程实验教学现状。     

提高动物学实验教学效果的探索

动物学实验是动物学教学的重要环节,与教学效果密切相关。本文从准备动物实验材料、提高学生的主观能动性、注重应用现代教学手段及室内外学习相结合等方面阐述了如何提高动物学实验教学效果。     

硒肥与钝化材料组配对土壤Cd钝化及稻米Cd消减效果

为了探讨不同硒肥施用方式联合钝化材料对土壤镉钝化和稻米镉消减的效果,采用盆栽试验的方式,选用亚硒酸钠作为硒肥,钙镁磷肥和硅藻土作为钝化材料,设置基施硒肥+钙镁磷肥+硅藻土和叶面喷施硒肥+钙镁磷肥+硅藻土2种方式,研究其不同用量对镉污染酸性稻田土壤修复与安全利用的影响。结果表明：随着施用量的增加,稻米产量增加,基施硒肥产量略高于叶面喷施硒肥,产量差为 2.115 g/pot,与对照(CK)相比,基施0.28%钙镁磷肥+0.12%硅藻土+0.004‰硒(T3)能够提高1.68倍的稻米产量;随着施用量的增加,pH升高,有效Cd降低,有机质与CEC变化不大;基施硒肥与叶面喷施硒肥处理对土壤pH、有机质与CEC差异不显著,但基施硒肥处理有效Cd含量略低于叶面喷施硒肥处理,T3对土壤Cd的钝化效果最佳;随着基施硒肥用量的增加,稻米Cd含量降低,随着叶面喷施硒肥用量的增加,稻米Cd含量先降低后升高,基施硒肥处理对稻米Cd的消减程度强于叶面喷施硒肥处理,相差 0.021 mg/kg,与对照(CK)相比,T3处理稻米Cd降低0.063 mg/kg。可见,硒对调控稻米镉累积具有重要作用,且基施硒肥强于叶面喷施。综上所述,基施0.28%钙镁磷肥+0.12%硅藻土+0.004‰硒对土壤Cd钝化与稻米Cd消减的效果最佳,值得在镉污染稻田推广应用。     

Soil organic and inorganic carbon sequestration by consecutive biochar application: Results from a decade field experiment

Biochar addition can expand soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and has potential ability in mitigating climate change. Also, some incubation experiments have shown that biochar can increase soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contents. However, there is no direct evidence for this from the field experiment. In order to make up the sparseness of available data resulting from the long‐term effect of biochar amendment on soil carbon fractions, here we detected the contents and stocks of the bulk SIC and SOC fractions based on a 10‐year field experiment of consecutive biochar application in Shandong Province, China. There are three biochar treatments as no‐biochar (control), and biochar application at 4.5 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B4.5) and 9.0 Mg ha^?1 year^?1 (B9.0), respectively. The results showed that biochar application significantly enhanced SIC content (3.2%–24.3%), >53 μm particulate organic carbon content (POC, 38.2%–166.2%) and total soil organic carbon content (15.8%–82.2%), compared with the no‐biochar control. However, <53 μm silt–clay‐associated organic carbon (SCOC) content was significantly decreased (14%–27%) under the B9.0 treatment. Our study provides the direct field evidence that SIC contributed to carbon sequestration after the biochar application, and indicates that the applied biochar was allocated mainly in POC fraction. Further, the decreased SCOC and increased microbial biomass carbon contents observed in field suggest that the biochar application might exert a positive priming effect on native soil organic carbon.     

后备优质晚稻新品种引种试验

进行8个优质稻新品种的引种试验,试验结果表明：8个品种均表现米质优,有7个品种生育期适宜、适应性较广,可作为宁德市蕉城区优质稻后备品种继续试种。