Weather-Centric Rangeland Revegetation Planning

Invasive annual weeds negatively impact ecosystem services and pose a major conservation threat on semiarid rangelands throughout the western United States. Rehabilitation of these rangelands is challenging due to interannual climate and subseasonal weather variability that impacts seed germination, seedling survival and establishment, annual weed dynamics, wildfire frequency, and soil stability. Rehabilitation and restoration outcomes could be improved by adopting a weather-centric approach that uses the full spectrum of available site-specific weather information from historical observations, seasonal climate forecasts, and climate-change projections. Climate data can be used retrospectively to interpret success or failure of past seedings by describing seasonal and longer-term patterns of environmental variability subsequent to planting. A more detailed evaluation of weather impacts on site conditions may yield more flexible adaptive-management strategies for rangeland restoration and rehabilitation, as well as provide estimates of transition probabilities between desirable and undesirable vegetation states. Skillful seasonal climate forecasts could greatly improve the cost efficiency of management treatments by limiting revegetation activities to time periods where forecasts suggest higher probabilities of successful seedling establishment. Climate-change projections are key to the application of current environmental models for development of mitigation and adaptation strategies and for management practices that require a multidecadal planning horizon. Adoption of new weather technology will require collaboration between land managers and revegetation specialists and modifications to the way we currently plan and conduct rangeland rehabilitation and restoration in the Intermountain West.     

新版兽药GMP检查常见问题分析及改进建议

自2020年6月实施新版兽药GMP验收标准以来,对山东省验收兽药企业中发现的常见缺陷项,从质量管理、机构人员、厂房与设施、设备、物料与产品、确认与验证、文件管理、生产管理、质量控制与质量保证、产品销售与召回、自检共11个部分给予总结和归纳,对问题产生原因进行了分析,并提出改进建议,以期为兽药生产企业更好地实施GMP工作提供借鉴和参考。     

浅谈后备肉用种兔的选留及饲养管理技术

种兔是商品肉兔生产的基础,每年必须补充新的后备种兔进入繁殖群,以保障较高的生产水平与经济效益。介绍了后备兔的引进、选留及饲养管理,以期为我国养兔生产提供一定的参考。     

Nutritional interventions to prevent and rear low‐birthweight piglets

Selection for hyperprolific sows, as a means of increasing litter size and profit, has resulted in an increased number of low‐birthweight (LBW) piglets. These LBW piglets might suffer from increased morbidity and mortality during the early neonatal period. In addition, they show reduced growth performance, meat and carcass quality, which leads to an important economic loss for the farmer in the post‐natal period. Therefore, nutritional interventions can be undertaken to prevent and rear LBW piglets. In the first part of this review, the preventive strategies at the sow level will be discussed. Approaches in preventing LBW piglets are to optimize the intrauterine environment via supplementing the sow during gestation. In the second part of this review, the interventions at the piglet level will be described. To increase the survival and growth rates of LBW piglets, one must focus on ensuring adequate colostrum and milk intake. Interventions include supplementing piglets, split nursing, split weaning and cross‐fostering. Additional interventions increasing the probability of optimal post‐natal food intake will be discussed.     

要正确对待西部种草

西部种草需要正确对待几个问题：良种不是绝对的，与环境协调发展的就是好草种；种草的效益不是单方面的，不是追求单方面的效益；人工草地是现代农业的必要组分，同时不要忽视天然草原；种草不要忽视灌木，清除灌木要慎重；种草要有必要农业投入，应该用好地种草；要以发展动物生产和饲料工业为重点，完善草地农业系统；管理是草业的命脉，应尽早达到草业生产数字化。     

草地土壤肥力及其营养管理的必要性

介绍了草地土壤肥力的来源,土壤基本养分对草地生产的作用,草地植物与动物对养分的需求量及缺乏症状,说明了加强草地营养管理以及维持草地生态系统营养平衡的重要性,指出增强对土壤肥力和营养管理是提高草地生产能力、保证草地生态系统平衡、保障草地可持续利用的关键技术措施。     

天祝县气候变化对畜牧业可持续发展的影响及对策

用多年系统观测的气象资料分析了天祝县年、季、月气候变化对畜牧业的影响，认为气候变化是制约天祝草地畜牧业发展的主要因素，针对气候变化的制约条件提出了草地可持续发展对策；改良退化草场，科学合理利用草场；发展季节畜牧业，建立农区牲畜育肥基地；加强畜牧业基础设施建设，提高防灾减灾能力；加强草的水利建设，科学灌溉草场；适地、适草、适畜，发挥不同类型草场区域优势，开展集约经营。     

兽用生物制品生产过程中的偏差管理

在兽用生物制品生产过程中,偏差不可避免,而偏差的发生则会为产品质量埋下了某种程度的隐患(质量风险).如果不进行偏差管理,就会使得实际生产过程越来越偏离预先批准的程序,甚至发生重大质量问题.为了保证产品的质量,进行严格有效的偏差管理是兽用生物制品生产质量管理的重要内容.文章从偏差识别、偏差分类、偏差调查、纠正和预防措施等...     

江苏省天福国家湿地公园鸟类栖息地植物群落特征对鸻鹬类水鸟的影响研究

目的 研究栖息地植物群落特征的季度变化规律,探讨其对鸻鹬类水鸟群落的影响机制,为鸟类栖息地管理提供科学依据。 方法 2019/07—2020/07期间,在天福国家湿地公园鸟类栖息地,利用样方法和样线法分别获取植物群落特征数据和鸻鹬类水鸟群落数据,通过转换变量,构建回归模型。通过主成分分析和聚类分析对鸻鹬类水鸟进行鸟类集团划分。 结果 统计分析发现：（1）天福国家湿地公园共记录到草本植物30科72属77种,鸻鹬类水鸟18种230只;（2）植物群落高度和植被覆盖度的比值与鸻鹬类水鸟个体总数和鸟类个体总数的比值呈显著正相关;（3）不同性状的鸻鹬类对植物群落特征的季度变化响应程度有差异,通过主成分分析和聚类分析将鸻鹬类水鸟划分成4个鸟类集团,其中集团4即中翼长、中嘴裂长、中跗跖长的鸻鹬类水鸟受植物群落特征的季度变化影响大于其他鸻鹬类鸟类集团。（4）目前天福国家湿地公园保护管理中心未进行区分不同植物群落而采取有差别的管理措施,属于无区别化干扰。 结论 天福国家湿地公园鸟类栖息地植物群落特征对鸻鹬类水鸟群落特征有显著影响,且对不同鸻鹬类鸟类集团的影响机制具有差异性;研究区无区别化的栖息地管理措施须结合植被群落演替规律及不同性状鸻鹬类水鸟的生境需求而精准改进,建议针对不同鸻鹬类鸟类集团的差异性生境需求,精准管理不同的植物群落特征,同时增加不同类别的栖息地管理措施。