硫化氢气体处理对水稻叶片抗氰途径的诱导和基因表达的影响

以水稻为试验材料,分析水稻叶片在不同时间经H2S气体处理对其呼吸系统的影响,通过Clark氧电极追踪了H2S处理中抗氰呼吸活性变化及电子传递在两条途径中的分配.结果表明,水稻叶片组织随着H2S气体处理时间的增加,其总呼吸明显下降,同时,细胞色素途径(CP)容量也明显下降.但是交替途径(AP)在短时间的H2S气体处理下上升,在长时间的H2S气体处理下(≥5 min)时,交替途径下降.Western 杂交结果表明,交替呼吸的诱导运行主要是由交替氧化酶的表达结果.此外,采用半定量RT-PCR方法对交替氧化酶AOX1基因家族中AOX1a、AOX1b、AOX1c的表达调控情况进行分析,AOX1b的转录表达量的变化与交替氧化酶的活性变化相一致;因此,推测AOX1b在硫化氢气体处理下是交替氧化酶活性变化的调控基因.     

L‐carnitine improves hydrogen peroxide‐induced impairment of nuclear maturation in porcine oocytes

We investigated the effect of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) on lipid peroxide (LPO) level and nuclear maturation in porcine oocytes cultured with or without cumulus cells. After 22 h of pre‐culture, oocytes with attached cumulus cells (COC group) or denuded oocytes (DO group) were cultured with H₂O₂, and intra‐oocyte H₂O₂ and LPO levels were quantitatively analyzed using immunofluorescence. This is the first report evaluating LPO levels in porcine oocytes. After H₂O₂ supplementation, the DO group showed severe accumulation of H₂O₂ and LPO in the oocytes. Similarly, while inhibition of progression of nuclear maturation was observed in both groups, the effect was more severe in the DO group. These results demonstrate that cumulus cells reduce the accumulation of H₂O₂ stress in oocytes. Furthermore, we attempted to reduce the oxidative stress by H₂O₂ with L‐carnitine, a H₂O₂ scavenger. L‐carnitine decreased H₂O₂ and LPO levels in the oocytes in both groups, and improvement in the progression of impaired nuclear maturation was observed. These effects were different by the presence of cumulus cells. Our results provide that L‐carnitine is useful for alleviating H₂O₂‐induced oxidative stress by reducing LPO levels and improving the progression of nuclear maturation.     

Use of ferrous hydroxide for determination of nitrate in soil extracts

Abstract

A simple steam distillation method of determining nitrate is described that is not subject to interference by substantial amounts of phosphate or silicate. It involves use of FeSO₄ and MgO for reduction of nitrate to ammonia. The method is rapid and precise, and tests reported show that it is satisfactory for nitrate analysis of soil extracts.     

外源硫化氢对盐胁迫下加工番茄幼苗光合参数及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

为探究外源硫化氢(H_2S)对盐胁迫下加工番茄幼苗光合作用和光合荧光参数的影响,以耐盐性不同的2个加工番茄KT-7(耐盐性强)和KT-32(耐盐性弱)为材料,采用分光光度法、CIRAS-3型光合仪和Imaging-PAM调制荧光成像系统分别测定光合色素含量、光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明,外源H_2S提高了盐胁迫下加工番茄幼苗的生长及叶绿素a、叶绿素b、胡萝卜素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ);降低了胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)、PSⅡ调节性能量耗散的量子产额[Y(NPQ)]和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ);而PSⅡ非调节性能量耗散的量子产额[Y(NO)]稳定在较低水平。此外,外源H_2S对KT-32的缓解效应强于KT-7。综上所述,外源H_2S通过提高加工番茄幼苗叶片的光合色素量和光合电子传递效率,有效地缓解盐胁迫对加工番茄叶片PSⅡ的伤害。本研究结果为探究外源H_2S增强加工番茄耐盐性研究提供了科学依据。     

不同供磷水平对小麦植株蔗糖含量和农艺性状的影响

利用盆栽试验,研究不同供磷水平对小麦植株体内无机磷与蔗糖含量及经济性状的影响。结果表明,随着施磷量的增加,小麦不同生育时期的植株体内无机磷含量明显增加,而茎叶中蔗糖含量呈降低趋势。盆栽产量则随施磷量的增加而提高,磷素对产量影响的主要因素是促进苗期分蘖,提高小麦的有效穗数。     

Spatio-temporal variations in nutrient concentration in soil solution under greenhouse tomato

The aim of this trial was to study the spatio-temporal variability in solution nutrient concentration under intensive greenhouse tomato production, to determine the number of suction-cups needed to obtain a representative sample and the influence by the position in the greenhouses. Twenty sampling points were selected within the greenhouse with one suction-cup per sampling point. One soil solution were sampled per point at weekly intervals to analyze for pH, electrical conductivity, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium (EC, Cl^?, NO₃^?, H₂PO₄^?, SO₄^2—, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺) concentrations. The pH, Cl^?, H₂PO₄^?, and SO₄^2? concentrations showed no spatio-temporal variation but EC, NO₃^?, and K⁺ showed temporal variation. The spatial variability in EC, K⁺_, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, and Ca²⁺ can be influenced by microclimate and topography. The numbers of suction cups required for a representative sample ranged from 1 to 10 depending on nutrient.     

钙镁磷肥和石灰对受Cu Zn污染的菜园土壤的改良作用

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了钙镁磷肥和石灰对受Cu、zn污染的菜园土壤的改良作用。结果表明,在添加钙镁磷肥和石灰的土壤中．小白菜的生长基本上未受重金属毒害的影响。单一Cu污染、单一zn污染以及Cu-Zn复合污染的菜园土壤上,小白菜的鲜重随着改良剂钙镁磷肥和石灰用量的增加而显著增加。在单一Cu污染、单一Zn污染以及Cu—zn复合污染的菜园土壤上,酸碱度随着钙镁磷肥和石灰的施入而变化,土壤的pH随着钙镁磷肥和石灰用量的增加而显著增加。在3种不同污染的土壤上,施用改良剂钙镁磷肥和石灰降低了重金属Cu和Zn的有效性。     

Evaluation of intravenous fluorescein in intradermal allergy testing in psittacines

This study was designed to improve the clinical feasibility of intradermal skin testing of psittacine birds using intravenous fluorescein stain. Twenty-five healthy, anaesthetized Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) were injected intravenously with 10 mg kg-1 fluorescein-sodium 1% followed by intradermal injections of 0.02 mL phosphate-buffered saline, histamine phosphate (1:100,000 w/v) and codeine phosphate (1:100,000 w/v) at the sternal apteria. Wheal diameters of reaction sites were measured grossly and under illumination with a Wood's lamp after 5 and 10 min. Fluorescence-enhanced injection sites were scored between 0 and 2, with 0 equivalent to normal skin and 2 equivalent to a plucked feather follicle. The presence of a fluorescent halo around intradermal injections was also recorded. Under Wood's light illumination at 10 min, histamine and saline were evaluated as positive and negative controls, respectively, based on a positive test having a halo and a score of 2. Sensitivity and specificity were each 76% for halo, 84 and 42% for score and 64 and 77% for combination of score and halo, respectively. Further, mean histamine reactions were significantly larger than codeine phosphate and saline (8.8 +/- 0.4 mm; 7.2 +/- 0.3 mm; 5.9 +/- 0.6 mm); however, this finding was not consistent in individual birds. Wheal size, halo presence and score were affected by site location independent from the injected compound. Intravenous fluorescein improved the readability of avian skin tests; however, the compounds tested raised inconsistent reactions in wheal size, score or halo presence. The compound-independent site effect raises concern on the validity of avian skin testing and warrants investigation of other techniques such as in vitro allergy testing. Based on our findings, intradermal allergy testing in psittacines with or without fluorescein is unreliable and cannot be recommended for practical clinical use.     

Effect of monocalcium phosphate supplementation in a low fish meal diet for rainbow trout based on growth,feed utilization,and total phosphorus loading

ABSTRACT:   In order to verify methods for minimizing waste output of phosphorus (P) into the water and preserve an adequate growth rate in rainbow trout, a succession of two feeding trials were performed employing three test diets that were formulated with a low proportion of fish meal (FM), low-P ingredients (defatted soybean meal, corn gluten meal, feather meal, and blood meal), and varying levels of monocalcium phosphate (MCP) as a P supplement (0, 0.5 and 1% of diet which represent 0, 1 and 2 mg/g of available P, respectively). Total P concentrations achieved were 6.2, 8.7 and 9.6 mg/g, respectively. A control diet was formulated with FM as the main protein source and without MCP (total P content was 17.0 mg/g). Diets were fed until apparent satiation to duplicate groups of 50 (1.5 g) and 15 fish (147.8 g) during 24 and 14 weeks, respectively. In both cases, the lowest growth was observed in fish fed the basal diet without MCP. The test diet supplemented with 0.5% MCP provided growth and feed performance comparable to that obtained in fish fed the control diet. These results suggest that diets formulated with low-P ingredients should be supplemented with an adequate amount of P in order to meet the fish requirements and reduced diet-related P loading.     

过氧化钙对武汉东湖浮游植物群落及水环境的影响

为探讨过氧化钙作为化学除藻剂对浮游植物群落和水质的影响,于2020年10月采集武汉东湖原水,在深度为2m的水柱中使用不同剂量的过氧化钙进行处理。结果显示：40 mg/L、60 mg/L、80 mg/L的过氧化钙在东湖原水中释放的过氧化氢最高浓度分别为17.04±0.82mg/L、22.21±0.81 mg/L和31.67±2.47mg/L;水柱0~1.0 m水层的过氧化氢含量显著高于1.0-2.0m水层,持续释放时间可达36h~48h;过氧化钙的使用能显著减少底层水体的正磷酸盐含量;同时,过氧化钙在处理12h后可显著降低水柱中叶绿素 a含量和蓝藻的相对丰度（P<0.05）,同时提高了绿藻相对丰度28.06%,将硅藻相对丰度提高了27.25%,改变浮游植物群落的物种优势度,具有选择性杀灭蓝藻的效果。本研究可为过氧化钙在蓝藻水华处置、水体富营养化治理等方面的应用提供参考依据。