水利风景区发展态势与展望

生态文明建设总体方案的颁布、国家公园体制的提出、经济新常态的出现以及水利部力推水生态文明建设,将对水利风景区的发展产生重要影响.未来,水利风景区对生态文明,特别是水生态文明建设的功能和地位将进一步强化,水利风景区对社会经济的拉动效应将进一步显现,这既对2016年水利风景区工作提出新的更高要求,也为水利风景区发展创造了良好契机.预计2016年水利风景区规模数量将逐步增大,类型结构将不断优化,景区品质将稳步提升,景区功能将有新的提升,景区类型将有新的拓展,总体将呈现蓬勃发展的良好态势.     

基于加权灰色关联模型的干旱区玉米覆膜耕作方式评价

通过设置垄作全膜、垄作半膜、平作全膜以及平作半膜4个覆膜耕作处理,采用加权灰色关联模型评价不同覆膜耕作方式的优劣.结果表明:垄作全膜处理保水保温效果明显;干旱条件下,耕作措施较覆膜方式对地温的影响更为明显;而在水量充沛条件下,覆膜方式则表现出对地温更显著的影响.田间起垄耕作结合全膜覆盖的种植方式,有利于干物质的积累,促进滴灌条件下玉米产量的形成,同时提高水分利用效率,为干旱区农业节水和玉米高产提供了技术依据.     

唐山市曹妃甸区水资源开发利用评价分析

本文对河北省唐山市曹妃甸区的水资源量、供水、用水以及水资源开发利用情况进行了调查分析,研究了本地区的水资源特点.通过对曹妃甸区生活、工业、农业等用水情况的分析和研究,指出了水资源开发利用中存在的问题,并提出了有效解决曹妃甸区未来水资源紧缺的合理化建议,目的是为合理开发利用水资源,制定和完善水环境保护措施,实现曹妃甸地区经济的可持续发展提供参考依据.     

戴云山自然保护区种子植物传粉模式研究

以戴云山国家级自然保护区种子植物名录为研究对象,基于APWeb和文献资料统计种子植物科的传粉模式,研究了戴云山保护区种子植物的主要传粉模式及其传粉模式的祖先状态。结果表明:戴云山保护区种子植物中动物参与传粉有144科,占总科数87.27%;完全利用非生物模式传粉占总科数12.12%;单一传粉模式以动物传粉的科数最多(124科),其次为风媒传粉(14科),水媒传粉最少(4科)。混合传粉模式中,动物和风媒传粉的科数最多。动物传粉模式在戴云山保护区种子植物传粉中占据重要地位。戴云山保护区种子植物科中共有9个原始类群,单一动物传粉8科,动物和风媒混合传粉有1科,表明动物传粉在植物原始类群进化中占据主要地位,可能是现存戴云山被子植物传粉模式中的祖先状态。研究结果旨在为戴云山种子植物发育与演变提供理论依据。     

信阳绿茶主食面包的研制

将信阳毛尖绿茶研磨成粉添加到主食面包中制备信阳绿茶主食面包,研究不同绿茶粉添加量对主食面包比容、感官品质、水分含量及酸度的影响。结果表明,绿茶粉最佳添加量为面包粉质量的3%,此时得到的绿茶主食面包比容为5.75 m L/g,感官品质评分98分,水分含量32.7%,茶多酚含量0.386 g/100 g,酸度2.98°T;绿茶面包表皮完整且丰满,无焦斑,色泽均匀,稍有茶叶的黄绿色,组织紧密有弹性、耐咀嚼,有茶叶的清香,无茶苦味,且具有较好的营养保健功能,市场前景广阔。     

Benefits and risks for Melanesian households from commercialising Canarium indicum

This research note discusses the benefits and risks for Melanesian households arising from attempts to increasingly commercialise Canarium indicum, an edible tree nut indigenous to Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Qualitative data were generated during workshops and interviews with Canarium industry stakeholders about the impacts associated with a series of interventions designed to encourage further commercialisation of Canarium. The findings are organised according to three dimensions that elucidate the social implications of industry development for local communities: (i) income and growth; (ii) equity; and (iii) voice and choice. Broader distribution of benefits within and between countries, as well as among supply chain actors, requires a stronger policy response at regional (Melanesia) and national scales, equitable gender representation to avoid reinforcing existing inequalities, and delegation of decision‐making power to the appropriate level to facilitate effective community participation and their links with other stakeholders. Thus, it remains to be seen whether Canarium‐related benefits arising from its commercialisation can be sufficiently reliable compared with either other sources of income (e.g. existing employment opportunities for those located near urban areas) or utilising the resource for subsistence purposes.     

液压外骨骼机器人非线性模糊滑模控制方法

针对液压外骨骼机器人系统建模困难的问题,提出一种利用自适应模糊逼近方法来实现对滑模等效控制的逼近,不需要对机器人的未知参数进行预先估计,同时设计可调参数的自适应调节律,增强系统的鲁棒性,引入一种类势能函数设计具有非线性积分项的滑模面,当误差较大时,积分效应适当减弱,防止产生较大的超调量;当误差较小时,积分效应适当增强,减小稳态误差。利用李雅普诺夫方法论证了该闭环控制系统的稳定性,并使用模糊切换方法来消除滑模控制抖振。最后,对液压助力外骨骼机器人系统进行轨迹跟踪及外干扰实验,结果验证了该方法的有效性,控制输出能快速平稳地跟随参考位置信号,且具有一定抗干扰能力。     

黑龙江盘中自然保护区总体规划探讨

在黑龙江盘中自然保护区区位、用地和资源的现状分析基础上,对保护区进行类型划分,确定保护区主要保护对象和规划目标,划分出保护区的核心区、缓冲区、实验区三大功能区域的范围和面积,进而再对保护区的规划管理设施和规划管理措施进行总体探讨,从而保证黑龙江盘中自然保护区的可持续发展。     

Foliar nematode,Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii,population dynamics in leaves and buds of beech leaf disease‐affected trees in Canada and the US

A foliar nematode, Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii, is associated with beech leaf disease (BLD) symptoms. Information about the types of tissues parasitized and how nematode populations fluctuate in these tissues over time is needed to improve surveys as well as understand the nematodes role in BLD. During this study, the nematode was detected throughout the known range of BLD by researchers at both Canadian and US institutions using a modified pan method to extract nematodes. Monthly collections of symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves during the growing season (May–October), and leaves and buds between growing seasons (November–March), revealed that nematodes were present in all tissue types. Progressively larger numbers of nematodes were detected in symptomatic leaves from Ohio and Ontario, with the greatest detections at the end of the growing season. Smaller numbers of nematodes were detected in asymptomatic leaves from BLD‐infected trees, typically at the end of the growing season. The nematode was detected overwintering in buds and detached leaves. The discovery of small numbers of nematodes in detached leaves at one location before BLD was detected indicates that nematodes may have been present before disease symptoms were expressed. Other nematodes, Plectus and Aphelenchoides spp., were infrequently detected in small numbers. Our findings support the involvement of the nematode in BLD and indicate that symptoms develop only when certain requirements, such as infection of buds, are met. We also found that the nematode can be reliably detected in buds and leaves using the modified pan extraction method.     

浙江杭州市竹产业高质量发展的建议

竹产业是兼具经济效益和生态效益的林业产业,浙江省杭州市紧紧围绕"美丽杭州"建设,加快推进全市竹产业转型升级,取得了一定成效。文章在总结杭州市竹产业发展取得成效的基础上,分析了竹产业中存在的问题,对进一步推进杭州市竹产业可持续发展、实施兴林富民提出了建议。