探索"思想道德修养与法律基础"课程教学实践环节新途径

"思想道德修养与法律基础"课(简称"基础"课)作为对大学生进行思想道德素质和法律素质教育的主渠道之一,在大学生思想政治教育与法律基础教育中发挥着极为重要的作用。针对目前我国高校"基础"课教学在教育观念和教学方式方面存在的不足,本文从在课程教学设计上突出道德与法律基础教学的实践环节、激发和调动大学生参与思想道德和法律基础教学实践的积极性和主动性、重视教学实践的科学性等几个方面入手,对"基础"课的教学实践环节进行了尝试性的探索。     

SL4105柴油机的连杆杆身的变形分析

对SL4105柴油机的连杆进行了精确的三维建模,并考虑到连杆锻造毛坯和加工误差对连杆刚度的影响,根据实际情况对连杆运动时的整体变形进行了计算分析。分析结果表明:连杆的锻造加工误差会使连杆在最大爆发压力下产生较大的弯曲变形,变形最大值的大小和位置因加工误差的不同而不同。     

烤烟烘烤测控系统的设计与实现

烤烟烘烤环境因素是一个具有时变性、非线性及各因素间具有强耦合性的多变量系统.为此,利用单片机技术和传感器技术设计了一种符合烟叶烘烤需要的自适应分层模糊控制系统.该系统可对烤房的温度、湿度和通风等参量进行自动测量与精确控制.系统采用模块化结构设计,简单易用,维护方便.运行结果表明,系统运行稳定,鲁棒性强,适用于烤烟烘烤过程的自动控制.     

我国畜禽舍机械式降温系统的研究与发展现状

论述了我国畜禽舍机械式降温系统的研究与应用现状;比较分析了各种降温系统的优缺点与应用条件;考虑到设备投资与应用成本,认为采用正压送风的湿帘冷风机具有较大的应用潜力,集中式雾化降温系统和喷雾冷风机具有一定的优势;同时,指出了喷雾降温系统的研究重点是开发低成本的设备和完善适用于低压喷雾的集中式雾化降温系统的水雾分离装置.     

葫芦岛市农业机械化可持续发展战略设计

通过对农业机械化可持续发展影响因素以及农业机械化现状深入、系统的调查,并对大量统计数据进行科学分析,结合葫芦岛市国民经济发展现状、农业以及农机发展实际,同时结合自然和地理优势,着重提出了农业机械化可持续发展的指导思想和基本原则,指出了农业机械化可持续发展的战略目标、战略任务和战略重点.由此为未来葫芦岛市农业机械化可持续发展提供了思路.     

论设施农业的创新与发展

设施农业是在人为可控环境保护设施下进行的高效农业生产方式,具有经济、社会和生态综合效益.在我国大力发展设施农业,对于调整农业产业结构、促进农业增效、农民增收和推动农业可持续发展具有重要意义.为此,阐述了设施农业的内涵与特征,总结分析了我国设施农业发展取得的成就和存在的问题,并在此基础上从加强政府宏观调控、进行科技创新、有效组织、科学管理、完善服务体系、积极开拓市场以及改善环境等方面初步探讨了促进我国设施农业创新发展的对策.     

Effect of drying on soil strength and corn emergence

Summary Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of drying on soil strength and corn emergence (Zea mays L.). Corn was germinated in Billings silty clay under a bank of heat lamps which operated 9, 14, 19, or 24 h per day. Soil strength (modules of rupture), soil moisture content and emergence were measured daily.The relationship of soil strength to corn seedling emergence as influenced by the four light and heat durations and bare and mulched soil surfaces was determined. As soil strength increased emergence decreased until it ceased at soil strengths of about 80 kPa. Strength of this soil had a high negative correlation with soil water content and increased with time. Mulching decreased initial rate of drying, decreased crust strength, and improved corn emergence. The 14-hour light and heat treatment resulted in the highest corn emergence.Contribution from Colorado State Experiment Station, USDA-ARS Snake River Conservation Research Center, and USDA-ARS Fort Collins, respectively     

The rehabilitation of an irrigation system along the Yellow River

The People's Victory Irrigation System which diverts water from the Yellow River of China covers a total irrigable area of 59 000 ha. The system encountered some serious problems in the first decade of its operation — salinity and waterlogging of irrigated land, siltation of irrigation and drainage channels, as well as a low efficiency of water use. This paper describes a series of structural and functional measures which have been adopted in the past 24 years for the rehabilitation of the system, including: improvement of the existing drainage system and construction of new drainage system on agricultural land, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater supplies, a comprehensive programme to reduce the levels of siltation as well as the implementation of improved water management practices. A model for the optimal operation of the system by using system analysis theory as an aid in reducing the operation and maintenance (O & M) costs has been developed in recent years. The results are that the soil salinity has been controlled and the agricultural production has increased whilst the efficiency of water use has improved and the siltation levels reduced. Experience gained on this system has been successfully used in developing and managing other irrigation projects along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. The proposed procedure of solving the said optimal model has also embodied some benefits from reducing O & M costs in operation.     

水肥一体化智能调控设备智能液位开关设计

在对设施蔬菜生产中使用的水肥一体化设备进行智能灌溉控制设计中,监测混肥罐和回液桶中液位高低是非常必要的。现有液位检测普遍采用机械开关式液位浮子,工程实践中发现当进出水口与浮子过近,或者水纹波动显著时,浮子上下剧烈抖动会导致水泵随浮子的抖动而经常启停,对于启动电流较大的泵容易造成损伤。本文在软硬件设计中采用了计数器数字滤波电路以及单片机定时器中断,设计了一种替代简单液位浮子的实用智能液位开关。为了检验该设计的性能,在同等条件下,进行了不同液面、不同压力和水流量的对比试验。试验结果表明,计数脉冲发生电路中充电电阻和放电电阻为4.7 kΩ时,滤波后的输出信号比现场实际的数控信号时间迟延了2.11 s,经数字电路滤波后的输出信号已经完全消除了宽度小于2 s的所有干扰信号,并且具有很高的稳定性。迟延时间与计数电路、计数脉冲发生电路有关,通过电路设计调整滤波脉宽可使输出信号有效地滤除干扰成分。同时,利用该方法也可以根据不同工况,如不同功率的水泵设定不同参数滤除干扰信号,提高智能液位开关适用性。     

4125A4发动机节能活塞的研制

发动机中,将燃料的化学能转换为机械动力能的主要零件是活塞。其结构、质量和性能,将决定能量转换的效率,直接影响发动机的动力性和经济性。为此,对现有4125A4发动机的动力性和经济性进行了分析,提出了节能活塞的设计方案,并进行了台架试验和田间试验。试验结果表明,其动力性能得到了改善,节油效果明显。