人工感染雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎的病理形态学发展规律的研究

40只2日龄四川白鹅口服感染雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒，在不同阶段解剖发病和死亡雏鹅，电镜观察组织器官的病理变化发展规律，接种后第2天，十二指肠绒毛顶部上皮细胞发生坏死、脱落。随着感染时间延长，上皮细胞的坏死、脱落迅速向绒毛基部发展，并伴随固有膜炎性细胞浸润和坏死，病变向着空肠段发展，进一步发展为纤维素性坏死性肠炎，于小肠中后段形成假膜包裹肠内容物的栓塞物或直接由纤维素性渗出物与地不死肠粘膜混合凝固形成栓塞物阻塞肠腔，使外观膨大，肺充血和出血，肾充血、出血及肾小管上皮细胞变性。部分病例肝颗粒变性、脂肪变性，后期部分病例气管、腺胃上皮细胞脱落，早期部分病例心充血和出血，食道、胰腺及脑正常，电镜下可观察到小肠上皮细胞核畸形、固缩、核仁消失、核膜模糊和胞核崩解；胞浆严重空化，形成含有很多病毒粒子的“封入体”；粗面内质网扩张呈囊状，其上的核蛋白体严重脱落；线粒体外膜破裂或嵴断裂及空化，部分受到损害的线凿全充满大量的病毒粒子；形成肠道栓子的外层假膜有大量的病毒粒子、细菌以及坏死的肠上皮细胞，肝脏细胞粗面内质网严重扩张及部分线粒体肿胀、脊断裂；而心肌细胞粗面内质网的轻度扩张及胞核畸形。本文还对雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎与小鹅瘟的病理变化进行了比较分析。     

Yield Structure of Winter Faba Beans Grown in Northern Germany in Dependence of Different Environments, Seed Rates, Sowing Rates and Genotypes

Two series of field trials were performed at three sites in Schleswig-Holstein between 1981 and 1988 to inquire into the yield structure of European winter types of Vicia faba L. and to compare their yield potential with that of spring types. Due to low winter survival, 6 winter types could be evaluated only in 4 environments in dependence of 1–3 sowing times (series α: seed rate 30/m²) and 1 winter type in 5 environments in dependence of 3 sowing times and 3 seed rates (series β: seed rate 15, 30, 45/m²). Seed yield of winter type averaged 410 g/m² (D.M.) surpassing spring types by about 14 %. Environments caused a considerable variation in yield (275–620 g/m²) and in each yield component of winter types, while sowing dates and seed rates hardly affected the components seeds/pod and seed weight, which displayed stable genotypic rank orders. Compensative forces among the components plants/m², tillers/plant and pods/tiller, were established. Plant densities of less than 10/m² in spring, generally led to seed yield below 350 g/m². Variation between 15–30 plants/m² due to environments, sowing times or seed rates were frequently not fully compensated by tillering of plants, but often variation of the thus formed yield potential was reduced by pod set of tillers resulting in 210–270 pods/m². The direction of correlations of pods/tillers with tillers/plant and plants/m² differed due to experimental conditions whereas negative correlations between pods/tiller and tillers/ m² were generally evident. Tillering was significantly influenced by the sowing time, though the increase because of early sowing was often covered by compensative effects of different plant densities. A genotypic capability to produce reproductive tillers was demonstrated using an approach which considered different plant densities and compensative forces. Neither a genotypic capability of tillers to set pods nor direct effects of environments or sowing time on pod set were established.     

植物杂种优势利用的一条新途径—细胞核+细胞质雄性不育(GCMS)

本文在综述了植物细胞核雄性不育和细胞质雄性不育优点和缺点基础上提出了植物杂种优势利用的一条新途径——细胞核十细胞质雄性不育,根据细胞核不育基因的显隐性、稳定性和细胞质雄性不育的稳定性不同,可以将该途径进一步分成显性细胞核+细胞质雄性不育、隐性细胞核+细胞质雄性不育、细胞核不育+生态型、细胞质雄性不育和细胞质不育+生态型细胞核雄性不育。     

广西草地资源开发利用策略初探

对广西草地的类型，数量，载畜能力及基本特征进行了论述，提出了合理开发利用草地资源的五条措施。     

葡萄叶片光合速率日间降低内外因调控的研究

土壤水分充足时,葡萄日间光合速率的下降主要归因于CO2叶肉阻力的升高;光照、叶温和大气湿度可以影响气孔对CO2的阻力,但主要通过影响叶肉阻力来影响光合速率。‘巨峰’和‘长相思’葡萄具有不同的光合作用光响应曲线及其特征参数。     

两株气单胞菌的分离与鉴定

从福建省某牛蛙养殖场病死牛蛙和某鸭场病死鸭体内分离到两株细菌，检验结果表明，两株分离菌均为有运动力的革兰氏阴性杆菌。根据其临床症状、细菌培养特性、生化特性、动物回归试验以及溶血试验等一系列试验，研究证明牛蛙感染的病原为嗜水气单胞菌，鸭感染的病原为温和气单胞菌。     

Studies on the mechanism of vaccinal immunity to Marek''s disease

Current knowledge of the nature of the antigens and of the host immune responses in vaccinal immunity to Marek's disease is reviewed. It is suggested that a two-step mechanism of resistance operates. The first step involves humoral and cell-mediated responses directed against viral antigens; the second step occurs after challenge with Marek's disease virus and consists of cellmediated responses directed against tumour cells.     

广西加速加大草业发展势在必行

草业具有生态的功能,又有经济的优势。广西的草业资源丰富,在农业中是一个比较优势的产业,而且发展潜力大。发展草业对于山多地少,以及众多少数民族聚居在山区这样一个特定的广西来说,具有十分重要的意义。然而目前,草业在广西还是比较薄弱,为此,提出发展草业的对策。     

甘肃省泾川县三元杂交肉牛生长发育的研究报告

本研究测定并对比研究了德秦黄、德利黄、德西黄、利西黄、利秦黄等三元杂交牛及二元杂交牛初生 ,3月龄、6月龄、1 2月龄、1 8月龄的生长发育指标 ,结果表明 :三元杂交牛比二次杂交牛体尺、体重均有较大幅度的增长、初步筛选出适宜泾川养殖习惯的较佳杂交组合。在农户饲养条件下 ,三元杂交初生重 38kg,比二元杂交牛提高 1 2 .8%～ 5 6.6% ;1 8月龄母牛体重 377.8kg,提高 1 5 .2 %～94.1 % ;1日龄～ 1 8月龄日增重 5 2 8.2 g,增长 9.2 %～ 68.7% ;管围提高幅度为 2 4 .1 %～ 32 .3% ;臀围为 1 .7%～ 32 .3% ;体高为 2 .9%～ 1 5 3% ,体斜长为 5 .5 %～ 1 3.9% ,胸围为 1 1 .4%～ 2 0 .5 %。尻长为 5 .1 %～ 1 1 .8% ,腰角宽为 0～ 2 1 .4% ,髋宽为 0～ 3%。适宜的杂交组合为德秦黄、德利黄、德西黄。三元杂交牛 6～ 1 2月龄生长发育受阻 ,主要是饲料营养水平低所致 ,建议从 2月龄开始用优质饲草和配和配合饲料 ,1 8月龄体重达到 40 0 kg以上 ,再经 3个月育肥 ,2 1月龄达到体重 5 0 0 kg的出栏标准。     

体细胞克隆牛0～12月龄生长的测定研究

通过对5头体细胞克隆母犊牛及其同期自然繁殖出生的荷斯坦母犊牛初生期、6月龄、12月龄的体重、体尺指标测定,初步分析了其生长发育速度的变化规律。结果表明:(1)克隆牛初生重53.67±7.00kg,明显高于自繁奶牛(P<0.01),6月龄体重141.00±16.49kg,明显低于自繁奶牛(P<0.01),12月龄体重302.80±32.17kg,与自繁奶牛基本相当;(2)克隆牛0～6月龄期间平均日增重0.70±0.11kg明显低于自繁奶牛(P<0.01),6～12月龄期间平均日增重0.90±0.12kg,与自繁奶牛基本相当(P>0.05),0～12月龄期间平均日增重0.70±0.11kg,与自繁奶牛基本相当(P>0.05);(3)克隆牛初生体尺指标明显大于自繁奶牛(P<0.01),6月龄体尺指标明显小于自繁奶牛(P<0.01),12月龄体尺指标与自繁奶牛相当(P>0.05);(4)克隆牛0～6月龄期间体尺平均增长明显低于自繁奶牛(P<0.01),6～12月龄期间体尺平均增长明显高于自繁奶牛(P<0.01),0～12月龄期间体尺平均增长明显低于自繁奶牛(P<0.01)。