A quick method of soil moisture determination

Abstract

The method described here is useful for the quick determination of soil moisture, especially when many determinations are to be made at a time. The only pieces of apparatus required are some wide‐mouthed conical flasks, a few pieces of glass rod and a balance. The principle involves recording the weight of the flask filled with water and soil sample of known weight (A). This flask weight (H), and the predetermined soil particle density (D_p) and weight of the water‐filled flask (G) are then used to calculate moisture percentage (MP) in the soil sample from the formula:

The method was compared with conventional oven‐drying technique for a wide range of soil textures, moisture contents and other contrasting soil properties. The results obtained showed that the accuracy, precision and simplicity of the method are good, particularly for rapid practical uses.     

Content and distribution of lithium in La Pampa soils (Argentina)

Abstract

Extractable li with ammonium acetate was determined by flamephotometry, in normal soils, alkaline soils and saline soils in the Province of La Pampa (Argentina).

The soils were originated from differents parent material, with various rainfalls (arid to subhumid climate) and management.

The higher contents were found in saline soils. In the other soils the extractable lithium content depends on the parent material, but not on rainfall.

Different patterns of vertical and horizontal distribution of extractable lithium were found.

The origin of extractable lithium is here discussed.     

灵芝发酵菌丝三萜类化合物含量的测定

建立了灵芝发酵菌丝三萜类化合物含量的检测方法。方法以齐墩果酸作为标准品．用香草醛一高氯酸发色体系进行比色．确定灵芝发酵菌丝三萜含量测定的实验条件．结果三萜类在20—140ug范围内有很好的线性关系．y=0．005x-0．019r=0．998。结论本法简便、准确、重复性好．可用于灵芝发酵菌丝三萜类含量的检测．以鉴定灵芝的品质及其产品的三萜含量。     

改良的DNS法测定新鲜果蔬中的糖分

用3,5-二硝基水杨酸复合显色剂,结合示差比色法,可以快速、简便地测定高含量的糖分.本文对示差比色法的条件,如显色剂的组成及其相互关系、贮放时间等进行了研究,所得结果令人满意,从而改进了Miller法.最后,作者应用这种改良法测定了文旦和甜橙果实中的总糖含量,经t检验,其测定值与采用费林法无显著差异.     

新植林地两种经营管理模式效果评价

通过对新植林采取两种经营管理模式的调查研究,获得两种不同效果,得出:实行农林间种,所形成的立体林分结构,不仅对林木生长无抑制作用,而且还能促进林木的生长发育,出现林茂粮丰的效果;实行单一营林,封闭经营管理林分,林木长势差,经济效益低;大枣经济林造林后可连续间种5～7a,杨树速生丰产林造林后可连续间种3～4a。     

鸡肝酯酶快速检测氰戊菊酯农药的试验研究

采用鸡肝酯酶对不同浓度的氰戊菊酯农药进行了催化水解,并通过pH-stat法优化了水解条件.结果表明,在pH 8.0,温度55℃的条件下,酶催化反应速度较大.在该反应条件下,分析了农药浓度(1/x)与酶解反应初速度(1/y)之间的关系,发现在0.05～2.00 mg·L-1农药浓度范围内,两者的关系曲线为y=0.0723...     

高效液相色谱法测定杨树花口服液中水杨苷的含量

建立了高效液相色谱分离测定杨树花口服液中水杨苷含量的方法。采用Waters XBridge C18色谱柱（150mm×4．6mm,5μm）,以甲醇-水（10：90）为流动相,流速为1．0mL／min,检测波长269nm,柱温30℃。水杨苷的线性范围为0．025～0．5mg／mL（r=0．9995）,平均加样回收率（n=6）为100．8％,RSD为1．49％。建立的方法准确、快速,操作简便,可用于杨树花口服液中水杨苷的含量测定。     

3种■体内微量元素测定与比较

测定了3种■(白缘■Liobagrus marginatus、拟缘■Liobagrus marginatoides、黑尾■Liobagrus nigricauda)肝、肾、肌肉和尾鳍4种组织中铬、锰、铁、铜和锌的含量,并将其与鲫(Carassius auratus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)进行了比较分析。结果显示:鱼体5种微量元素总量由高到低依次为:白缘■、黑尾■、拟缘■、鲫、黄颡鱼;肌肉中5种元素含量由高到低依次为拟缘、黄颡鱼、鲫、黑尾■、白缘■;白缘■对铬和锌的富集作用比较突出,在上述几种组织中肝脏的富集作用最强。     

黄瓜性别决定的细胞学研究

对黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）雄、雌花的细胞学特征进行了研究。黄瓜雄、雌花的发育从花芽原甚至雌蕊原基出现，无明显差异,在雌花中雌蕊原基出现后雌花进一步发育，花芽的中心凹陷发育为下位子房，雄蕊的花药原基中并未分化出小孢子母细胞。开花时，花药体积较小，并由一群形态结构基本一致的小型细胞组成。在雄花中，雌蕊原基出现后，花芽的中心未发生凹陷，在以后的发育过程中，尽管体积有所增大，但至开花时仍未产生柱头、花柱和子房。电镜观察结果显示，早期滞育雄芯细胞的质体具简单的片层结构，不含淀粉粒，线粒体的嵴不明显。开花时，质体内有较大的淀粉粒，线粒体分化出较明显的嵴，高尔基体周围小泡丰富。同样，开花时滞育雌蕊的细胞内质体大量积累淀粉,线粒体的数量较多，有高度分化的峭，高尔基体产生大量小泡。观察结果表明，尽管滞育雄蕊和滞育雌蕊正常的发育途径受阻，但其细胞和某些细胞器仍在发育成熟。     

DIAGNOSTIC SENSITIVITY OF ULTRASOUND,RADIOGRAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR GENDER DETERMINATION IN FOUR SPECIES OF LIZARDS

Gender determination is frequently requested by reptile breeders, especially for species with poor or absent sexual dimorphism. The aims of the current study were to describe techniques and diagnostic sensitivities of ultrasound, radiography, and computed tomography for gender determination (identification of hemipenes) in four species of lizards. Nineteen lizards of known sex, belonging to four different species (Pogona vitticeps, Uromastyx aegyptia, Tiliqua scincoides, Gerrhosaurus major) were prospectively enrolled. With informed owner consent, ultrasound, noncontrast CT, contrast radiography, and contrast CT (with contrast medium administered into the cloaca) were performed in conscious animals. Imaging studies were reviewed by three different operators, each unaware of the gender of the animals and of the results of the other techniques. The lizard was classified as a male when hemipenes were identified. Nineteen lizards were included in the study, 10 females and nine males. The hemipenes were seen on ultrasound in only two male lizards, and appeared as oval hypoechoic structures. Radiographically, hemipenes filled with contrast medium appeared as spindle‐shaped opacities. Noncontrast CT identified hemipenes in only two lizards, and these appeared as spindle‐shaped kinked structures with hyperattenuating content consistent with smegma. Hemipenes were correctly identified in all nine males using contrast CT (accuracy of 100%). Accuracy of contrast radiography was excellent (94.7%). Accuracy of ultrasound and of noncontrast CT was poor (64.3% and 63.1%, respectively). Findings from the current study supported the use of contrast CT or contrast radiography for gender determination in lizards.