敌百虫、溴氰菊酯对大鳞副泥鳅仔鱼及多刺裸腹溞的急性毒性实验

采用静水实验法在p H值为8.2±0.1、水温(25±2)℃,溶解氧大于5 mg/L条件下,以5日龄大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)仔鱼和多刺裸腹溞(Moina macrocopa)为材料,研究了敌百虫和溴氰菊酯2种常用药物对大鳞副泥鳅仔鱼和多刺裸腹溞的急性毒性。结果显示:敌百虫对5日龄大鳞副泥鳅仔鱼和多刺裸腹溞的安全浓度分别为0.400 0 mg/L、0.048 9 mg/L;溴氰菊酯对大鳞副泥鳅仔鱼和多刺裸腹溞的安全浓度分别为0.160 0μg/L、0.004 2μg/L。结果表明,敌百虫急性毒性要显著性强于溴氰菊酯。     

Monitoring resistance to diflubenzuron and deltamethrin in French codling moth populations (Cydia pomonella)

French populations of codling moth have developed resistance to several insecticide classes. The susceptibility of susceptible and resistant laboratory strains to diflubenzuron and deltamethrin was evaluated using different exposure methods against various life stages. The tarsal contact method for adults was found to be an appropriate method for testing neurotoxic compounds such as deltamethrin. Insect growth inhibitors, like diflubenzuron, need to be analysed on juvenile instars. Monitoring methodologies were developed and evaluated (a) on neonates obtained by crossing field‐collected males with virgin females from the susceptible laboratory strain so as to overcome the problem of reduced fertility of wild females and (b) on diapausing larvae. All 36 populations analysed exhibited significant levels of resistance to both diflubenzuron and deltamethrin. Resistance to the two compounds was linked, regardless of the cultivation methods used in the monitored area. The monitoring methodologies will be implemented to evaluate the evolution of resistance according to the resistance management strategies that have been adopted. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

溴氰菊酯对克氏原螯虾的氧化胁迫效应

为了解溴氰菊酯对克氏原螯虾的毒性及致毒机理,采用24h换水式生物试验研究了溴氰菊酯对克氏原螯虾的96h急性毒性,分光光度法检测了6、12、24和48h后0.01、0.02和0.04μg/L溴氰菊酯对肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力和丙二醛(MDA)的含量等氧化胁迫相关指标的影响。结果表明,24、48和96h的半致死浓度分别为0.1560、0.0993和0.0562μg/L,安全浓度为5.62ng/L;在整个暴露过程中,溴氰菊酯各个处理组都引起了氧化胁迫相关指标的变化。SOD和CAT活力的变化趋势相同,都呈抑制-诱导-抑制的变化规律,MDA含量则一直高于对照组。暴露6h后,0.01μg/L浓度组MDA含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),0.04μg/L浓度组MDA含量约为对照组的1.98倍(P<0.05);暴露12h后,MDA仍保持较高水平,0.02μg/L浓度组MDA含量约为对照组的1.76倍(P<0.05);暴露24h后,各浓度组CAT活力分别比对照组上升了70.98%、73.05%和66.67%(P<0.01);暴露48h后,0.01、0.02μg/L浓度组的SOD活力分别下降了...     

Common oils and insecticidal control and their resistance to Aleuroclava jasmini (Hem.: Aleyrodidae) on paper mulberry in Iran

Abstract

Aleuroclava jasmini (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a major insect pest of paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) in Iran, negatively affecting its production. Considering the importance of oils in the integrated management programs of such pests, the present study examined the possibility of whitefly control on paper mulberry plant to assess mortality rate (MR), synergistic rate (SR), resistance rate (RR), and lethal concentration for 50% of the population (LC₅₀) of oils and common insecticide in populations from four areas of Tehran, Iran (one susceptible and three non-susceptible). The best chemical treatments against A. jasmini adults and nymphs in paper mulberry plants were neem oil (1?ml L^?1) mixed with deltamethrin (0.5?ml L^?1) or with buprofezin (1?ml L^?1). The neem, akylarylpolyglyglycol ether and volk oils mixed with deltamethrin or buprofezin also had synergistic effects on adults and nymphs of A. jasmini, respectively, in Azadi, Shahrake Gharb, and Vanak areas (non-susceptible populations), but with higher concentrations (> LC₅₀) and lower SR than in Garm Dareh area (susceptible population). We observed that A. jasmini adults showed the greatest resistance to deltamethrin in Vanak area and nymphs of this pest to buprofezin in Shahrake Gharb area.     

斜纹夜蛾抗溴氰菊酯品系的相对适合度和抗性遗传方式研究

通过构建种群生命表,观察比较了斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fab.)对溴氰菊酯抗性品系(R)和敏感性品系(S)的一系列生长发育和繁殖特征,以种群数量趋势指数来确定各个品系的生物适合度;并采用剂量对数-死亡机率值回归线(LD-P线)分析法,研究了斜纹夜蛾对溴氰菊酯的抗性遗传规律。结果表明,抗性品系(R)在产卵量、孵化率、幼虫历期和蛹重等方面与敏感品系(S)相比,表现出一定程度的生长发育和繁殖上的不利性,抗性品系的相对适合度是敏感品系的0.58。斜纹夜蛾对溴氰菊酯的抗性为常染色体多基因遗传;正、反交后代的显性度分别为0.47和0.45,抗性遗传为不完全显性。     

Efficacy of insecticides against the Rice Stem-borer,Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and use of sex pheromones to time accurately the yearly application

Larvae of the Rice Stem-borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), cause extensive crop losses worldwide. Since pesticide application is the major management tactic in China, judicious timing of a minimal dose of insecticides is important in developing an IPM program for that pest. Pheromone trap captures of male moths were used to time the single insecticide application in two seasons (2010 and 2011). In 2010, six pesticides – deltamethrin, cygon, chlorpyrifos, cartap, fipronil, and esfenvalerate – gave >90% control of stem-borers, and reduced damage to less than 5.0%. In 2011, control exceeding 90% and a damage level of <5.0% and was achieved with 0.35 kg/ha deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos. Cygon, at either 0.30 or 0.35 kg/ha, provided control exceeding 90% and a damage level of <4.0%. With the proviso that the impact of insecticides on biological control agents remains to be investigated, these three insecticides are recommended for use by Chinese rice farmers.     

溴氰菊酯对黄瓜叶片乙醇酸氧化酶活性的影响

本研究结果表明，用20—400mg／L的溴氰菊酯喷施黄瓜幼苗后，叶片内的乙醇酸氧化酶活性上升，最高达78．63％。低浓度的溴氰菊酯使蛋白质、DNA和RNA含量升高。而高浓度的溴氰菊酯使蛋白质、DNA和RNA含量降低。放线菌酮可抑制溴氰菊酯对体内乙醇酸氧化酶活性的促进作用。本文讨论了溴氰菊酯影响乙醇酸氧化酶活性的可能机理。     

溴氰菊酯农药在粮食中残留量分析方法的探讨

本文采用毛细管气相色谱法,对测定粮食中溴氰菊酯农药残留量的多种提取、净化、检测条件进行了比对,样品粉碎后经石油醚(30℃～60℃)提取、柱色谱净化,选择用石油醚加乙酸乙酯(95 5,体积分数)作为洗脱溶剂,净化液收集浓缩后,采用毛细管柱柱DB1(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)和电子捕获检测器(ECD)分析检测溴氰菊酯的残留量.