秋冬甘蓝新品种甘杂8号的选育

甘杂8号是采用雄性不育系CMS二乌叶与自交系寒将军-2-1-8-99-11配制而成的甘蓝一代杂种。叶色深绿,蜡粉少,结球紧实,外观整齐,球扁圆形,纵径约14cm,横径约24cm,中心柱7.4cm,单球质量1.62kg,耐裂球,粗纤维少,微甜,口感好,品质优。从定植到采收85~100d(天),每667m2产量4200kg左右,田间对黑腐病的抗性比对照京丰1号强,适合四川省甘蓝种植地区秋冬季及春季种植。     

国审小豆品种吉红8号的特征特性与高产栽培技术

吉红8号是吉林省农业科学院作物资源研究所选育的小豆新品种。该品种以适应性强、株型紧凑的自选材料小豆178为母本,以丰产性、稳产性优良的小豆5076为父本,经人工杂交,采用系谱法选育而成;2012~2014年参加国家小豆品种(春播)区域试验,2015年经全国小宗粮豆品种鉴定委员会鉴定通过,鉴定编号:国品鉴杂2015028。该研究介绍了吉红8号的选育经过,特征特性、产量表现以及高产栽培技术。     

TiO_2光催化剂改性形态及其在废水中降解作用的研究进展

综述了光催化剂二氧化钛(TiO_2)的各种改性形态,包括钛白粉、金属及金属离子掺杂TiO_2、纳米级TiO_2以及其它形态TiO_2对废水中污染物的降解作用。     

Mapping Prosopis juliflora in West Somaliland with Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery and Ground Information

Prosopis juliflora is a drought‐tolerant fast‐growing tree species originating from South and Central America with a high invasion potential in arid and semi‐arid areas in Africa. It was introduced in Somaliland in the 1980s and is reported to have spread vigorously since. Despite being recognized as a serious issue in the country, the actual scale of the problem is unknown. In this study, we mapped the species in a study area that includes the capital, Hargeisa, using Landsat 8 satellite imagery. During a field campaign in 2015, we collected canopy‐level spectral signatures of P . juliflora and native trees to analyse the potential use of spectral data in discriminating the invasive species. P. juliflora was found to be generally distinguishable because of its greater vigour during the dry season. We tested the accuracy of the random forest classifier and different classification set‐ups, varying the spatial resolution (original 30 m vs pan‐sharpened 15 m) and image acquisition dates (during the wet season, the dry season and a combination of the two). Best overall accuracy (84%) was achieved by using pan‐sharpened data from the two seasons. About 30 years since its introduction, the invasive species was detected in 9% of the total investigated area with highest occurrence in the proximity of human settlements and along seasonal water courses. © 2016 The Authors. Land Degradation and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

玛曲重要水源补给区的生态功能恢复策略

玛曲草原是黄河重要水源补给区和动植物多样性保护的重要组成部分，直接影响黄河区域的生态安全。针对玛曲草原区载畜量过度、草地退化、土地沙漠化、湿地萎缩以及水源涵养和补水功能衰退等问题，提出减畜、养草、补树的植被恢复模式，通过水源地生态环境修复工程和畜牧业生产投资的加大等综合措施来恢复玛曲草原区的水源补给功能。     

The role of isolated old oak trees in maintaining beetle diversity within larch plantations in the central mountainous region of Japan

Old oak trees (Quercus crispula Blume) that are remnants of former old-growth forests have been isolated singly or as small patches within a matrix of conifer plantations in the central mountainous region of Japan. Fifty-six aerial Malaise traps were deployed around seven isolated oak trees within larch [Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière] plantations and at seven larch plots within larch plantations. The species richness and composition of beetles (Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Elateridae, Chrysomelidae, and Lycidae) around the oak trees were compared to those in the larch plantations. Species richness was higher around the oak trees than in the larch plantations, and the species composition differed. A number of saproxylic beetles were characteristic of isolated old oak trees. These results emphasize the importance of isolated old oak trees for maintaining beetle diversity in larch plantations and raise the possibility that further losses of these isolated oak trees could eliminate many individuals and reduce beetle diversity in larch plantations.     

真菌降解木质素的研究现状

在介绍木质素结构的基础上 ,从降解木质素的菌种及主要酶、产酶的条件 ,分析了真菌降解木质素的研究现状 ,介绍了真菌降解木质素及其酶的应用 ,并提出了存在的问题及发展方向     

应用遥感图片对西班牙Guadalteba地区灌木土地退化的评估

自然(资源)土地覆盖信息对分析和理解当前的陆地形式,尤其是对面临着环境日益恶化的研究区起着重要的作用。本研究综合应用Aster遥感数据和现地实际情况,完善西班牙Guadalteba地区2001年的土地覆盖图,将精度从47％提高到70％。综合土地覆盖图反映了该地区的植物类型分布和目前的自然(资源)土地覆盖状况。基于该图,自然(资源)土地覆盖图显示了自然(资源)和农业用地的当前分布,灌木土地退化图表明了各种灌木区的分布位置及其退化的不同等级,并作了进一步分析和讨论。最终的成果图揭示,Guadalteba地区许多以灌木分布为主导形式的土地已经被改用为农业和其他用途用地。由于人类活动的干扰而导致该地区大部分土地退化,使灌木覆盖仅占约9％的土地面积。图4表3参8。     

A Nondestructive,Remote Sensing-Based Estimation of the Economic Value of Aboveground Temperate Forest Biomass (Case Study: Hyrcanian Forests,Nowshahr-Iran)

ABSTRACT

Background: Traditional field-based methods of measurement of biomass and carbon storage face difficulty in collecting time-consuming and expensive, suggests the use of remote sensing-based techniques. It estimates the economic value of the aboveground biomass (AGB) using satellite remote sensing across the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. Methods: The Landsat-8 OLI sensor data were combined with field-based allometric information of 186 circular sample plots. The AGB was calculated at the plot level using the collected data and specific volumetric mass for species in the studied area. It was followed by calculating the carbon storage using a 50% carbon coefficient and the photosynthesis equation at the forest parcel level. Model results using the random forest and support vector machines. The carbon sequestration value was calculated with USD 25.3 as a shadow value of carbon in 2014 and using the replacement cost approach. Results: The highest performances achieved by RF for biomass, carbon storage and the carbon storage value (Iranian Rials of 0.67% and 16%, respectively). The value was derived once at the plot level of 12.22 million IRR (370.43 USD) per ha. In addition, at the parcel level, which resulted in an estimated value of 12.87 million IRR (390.24 USD) per ha.     

Relationship between production of hydroxyl radicals and degradation of wood, crystalline cellulose, and a lignin-related compound or accumulation of oxalic acid in cultures of brown-rot fungi

The degradation of wood, filter paper cellulose, and a lignin-substructure model, was measured in cultures of seven fungi usually regarded as brown-rot fungi. Hydroxyl radical production and the accumulation of oxalic acid in the cultures were also measured. Four of the fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Tyromyces palustris, Laetiporus sulphureus, and Postia placenta, were typical brown-rot fungi, in that they preferentially degraded and eliminated the polysaccharides in wood and produced large amounts of hydroxyl radical. The rates of hydroxyl radical generation in cultures of the four fungi were directly proportional to the degradation rates of wood, cellulose, and the lignin-related compound, and inversely proportional to the amount of oxalic acid in the cultures. Two of the fungi, Daedalea dickinsii and Lentinus lepideus, did not degrade any of the substrates significantly and produced very little hydroxyl radical. Coniophora puteana had the highest rate of cellulose degradation, but did not degrade wood or the lignin model significantly and produced only negligible amounts of hydroxyl radical. These results indicate that brown-rot fungi produce large amounts of hydroxyl radical for the degradation of wood and crystalline cellulose.