香梨幼林园在不同灌溉条件下生长的动态变化相关分析

在香梨3年生幼林园内,进行了常规沟植、渠道内外二侧种植的土壤贮水量和树木新梢生长量、叶片生长状况变化的测定。结果表明,渠外行的土壤贮水量和生长状况均好于沟植和渠内行。揭示了影响树木生长的不同灌溉条件的土壤水分状况和过程。提出了生产中要提倡渠外行栽种香梨,保持沟植香梨,放弃渠内行栽植香梨的生产模式理论依据。     

The feasibility of using variable rate water application under a central pivot irrigation system

The purpose of this paper was to assess the feasibility and significance of applying spatially variable irrigation under a central pivot system at the Federal German Agricultural Research Center, Braunschweig, Germany. The assessment was based on soil moisture holding capacity, soil depth variation and root development. Soil texture analysis was carried out by sampling on a 60 meter grid. The German Agro-Meteorological Model was applied to simulate the water balance in the crop-soil-atmosphere system for the growing season 2003/4. The research findings are presented in terms of six scenarios: 20, 30, 40 mm water application depths per irrigation under both variable rate application and uniform application. The comparison revealed that the loss of water was higher for the uniform application scenarios than that for the variable rate application (VRA) scenarios for the applications of 20 and 30 mm. The VRA scenario of 20 mm water application was found out to be the best option for water conservation.     

突出重点 狠抓落实 加快推进连云港市农机化发展步伐

以农民增收、农业增效为中心,着力抓好水稻机插秧示范推广工作和组织实施“兴机富民”工程,提高跨区作业组织化程度;强化农机安全生产专项整治,规范农机市场经济秩序,促进农机化事业快速发展。     

三位液压换向滑阀对中性对其内泄漏量的影响

在试验基础上，提出了三位换向滑阀对中误差概念，得出了对中误差与内泄漏量的关系，并与理论计算进行了比较，据此提出了按配合间隙划分对中误差的要求及元件生产中的改进意见，以提高液压元件成批生产合格率和拓宽元件维修思路。     

论压弯构件

钢筋混凝土轴心受力构件、受弯构件和偏心受压构件在力学行为上有一个共同的特征,即构件的材料纤维均处于单向应力状态。为便于分析比较,特将这三类构件的力学性能一起讨论。     

基于高斯过程建模的物联网数据不确定性度量与预测

物联网已经成为农业大数据最重要的数据源之一,自动观测数据的质量控制对农业生产分析以及基础科研数据应用非常重要。针对农业物联网观测的一类非平稳时间序列数据中的数据缺失、野值剔除、感知故障预警和长时间预测等问题,采用光滑弱假设高斯先验,构建了基于高斯过程的自回归模型表征的动态系统,并通过样本集学习,形成能考虑噪声干扰的传感变化规律建模,并可提供预测误差带用于预测数据的不确定性度量。针对原始数据的缺失和野值问题,采用基于高斯过程的短期预测,可补齐缺失数据,利用其不确定性度量可甄别数据野值,进行野值剔除与替换,并在此基础上判断感知故障;给出了基于输入数据不确定性传播的多步迭代预测方法,使长期预测仍可以跟踪农业数据的动态轨迹,并可为其预测值提供不确定性度量;将温室采集的真实传感数据用于分析试验,验证了高斯过程用于服务器端的农业时间序列数据采集质量控制的可行性。     

Quality and maximum profit of industrial tomato as affected by distribution uniformity of drip irrigation system

The tomato industry reformed its system of payment by weight of tomato, introducing a corrective system based on percent level of fruit dry matter produced. Such a decision implies significant changes in the management of irrigation systems, with a need to emphasize the technological quality of the marketable product. Three levels of distribution uniformity of the irrigation system are analysed, and related production functions of crop yield and percent of dry matter are presented as well as their use on the optimisation of dry matter, expected revenues and seasonal applied water. Results are critically influenced by the distribution uniformity. They demonstrate the inter-relationship between crop production, percent fruit dry matter and irrigation management, and the importance of considering non-uniformity in the economic analysis of industrial tomato production. Decreases in uniformity lead to a reduction in dry matter production per unit land. Decreases in dry matter are also observed with increasing levels of seasonally applied water, with the optimal level always lower than the required for maximum yield. Such interaction suggests a continuous and inverse relationship between profit and water applied. However, due to the corrective system of payment, by levels of percent of dry matter produced, for some uniformity, the expected revenue follows the yield-water production function instead of the dry matter function. This fact introduces disturbances in the optimal water applied inducing higher than expected levels of water applied for profit maximisation. The simulated data also show that incentives to switch to new systems or management practices able to raise the distribution uniformity result more from profit losses than increases in water price.     

刚性暗管结构形式与排水性能关系的三维电模拟研究

作者选用电解液模型对农田排水暗管的五种结构处理进行了三维渗流测试，揭示了其渗流场的基本形态及势场变化规律，定性地描述了此五种暗管结构排水性能的优劣，同时采用能综合反映暗管排水性能的流量系数值，对不同结构在各种参数组合条件下的排水性能作了定量的分析对比，结合以往室内砂槽试验成果，提供了合理的暗管结构设计依据。此外，应用保角变换法求得了仅有纵缝和全管壁进水的两种结构的二维渗流量解析式，并通过对试验资料的统计分析和线性回归分析法推导出三维渗流量的近似计算式。     

自来水厂供水泵性能在线检测方法的研究

建立了针对自来水厂水泵性能曲线在线检测的有效方法，解决了过去水泵在线检测只能测量单点工况、不能获得性能曲线的难题，为提高水泵运行效率、优化运行参数以及水泵在线故障诊断提供了有效手段。对开展其他领域的水泵性能曲线在线检测或泵站工程验收等提供了一定的借鉴。     

咸水灌溉下土壤水盐变化的试验研究

2002年在内蒙古河套灌区红卫节水示范园进行了咸水灌溉试验,分析试验结果得出:咸水灌溉下的土壤经过秋浇后含盐量可以降到咸水灌溉前水平。以荷兰Wageningen农业大学等单位开发的土壤水分大气作物系统模拟软件SWAP为工具,应用示范园的土壤、水、盐分试验资料对模型的参数进行了率定和验证,模型模拟结果和田间试验结果符合较好。