豹纹鳃棘鲈仔、稚、幼鱼的形态观察

参照鮨科鱼类胚后发育时期划分的一般方法,结合豹纹鳃棘鲈的形态特征将其胚后发育时期划分为仔鱼期（分卵黄囊期仔鱼和后期仔鱼）、稚鱼期和幼鱼期,并对各时期的形态特征进行了描述。记录了各时期的形态特征,豹纹鳃棘鲈体型修长,幼鱼通体红色,在鱼体上有数列排列整齐的蓝色或黑色斑点;在早期发育阶段第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘的绝对平均长度可达13．12mm和10．19mm,而臀鳍发育较慢,当腹鳍棘和第二背鳍棘开始回收时其臀鳍棘才开始长出。     

Structural and Biometric Characterization of Nothofagus betuloides Production Forests in the Magellan Region,Chile

Summary

This study, in die Chilean Magellan Region, undertook the structural and biométrie characterization of Nothofagus betuloides (Mirb.) Blume (coihue de Magallanes) production forests to provide information for sustainable forest management. Six locations were surveyed, five on the continent and one on Tierra del Fuego Island. A total of 6,102 ha were photointerpreted and then checked and described in the field according to their location, environmental characteristic, and vegetation type. The degree of disturbance, stage of development, status of regeneration, and composition and cover of the understory were also described. From the surveyed locations, a total of 3,807 ha were production forests of which a 76% area had Nothofagus pumilio (lenga) and N. betuloides mixed forests. The remaining areas (24%) were pure N. betuloides forests. Nondisturbed, old-growth forests covered 47% of the surveyed area. The remaining area (53%) had some disturbance. In the nondisturbed forests, mean volume stocks were 438 m³ ha^-1, and in disturbed forests, mean volume stocks were 316 m³ ha^-1.     

Chemistry of immunomodulators

A large number of synthetic derivatives, inorganic compounds or naturally occurring substances are able to depress, regulate or enhance the immune response. Immunomodulators, among which some are chemically well defined and others are complex preparations, exhibit a great variety of chemical structures which are briefly reviewed, without details on their immunopharmacological properties. These molecules allow access to a new type of therapy which aims at acting on the host defense mechanisms.     

Cytochrome P-450 in insects. 6. Age dependency and phenobarbital induction of cytochrome P-450, P-450 reductase,and monooxygenase activities in susceptible and resistant strains of Musca domestica

Development and phenobarbital (PB) induction of microsomal cytochrome P-450, cytochrome P-450 reductase, two epoxidation, and two O-demethylation activities were examined in chronologically timed populations of insecticide-susceptible (NAIDM) and -resistant (Rutgers) house flies. Measurements of these enzymes started with the pharate adult stage and ended 5 days following eclosion. Untreated insects of both strains had comparable reductase levels, whereas cytochrome P-450 and associated monooxygenase activities were 1.5-fold or more higher in Rutgers. Maximum induction, as well as toxicity, occurred at a lower PB concentration in NAIDM than Rutgers. The drug caused consistently higher increases in enzymes and activities within 12 hr of starting treatment in both strains. When PB was withdrawn from treated flies (both strains) 48 hr after treatment began, specific activities (product min^?1 mg protein^?1) in all enzymes returned to control values in 24 hr while metabolic capacity (product min^?1 insect^?1) achieved control values within 48 hr. The changes in turnover numbers (pmol product min^?1 pmol P-450^?1), in conjunction with the differences in the monooxygenation of the four substrates, suggest that PB treatment induced both a quantitative and qualitative change in NAIDM monooxygenation but only a quantitative change in Rutgers monooxygenation.     

Diagnostic problems posed by respiratory infections of dogs

The following viruses as well as bacteria and mycoplasma have been isolated from dogs with contagious respiratory disease: canine distemper virus; Canine adenoviruses (type 1 and 2); Parainfluenza type 2 (SV5); Reovirus type 1; Canine Herpesvirus; Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus, Pasteurella, Staphylococcus and Mycoplasma. The occurrence of these agents can be in direct relationship with: the evolution of a systemic disease; respiratory disorders being a regular or inconsistant symptom of this disease; the evolution of a disease restricted to the respiratory tract; the tropism of the bacterial or viral agent is exclusively respiratory; secondary bacterial complications to a primary viral infection; saprophyte state or latency without pathologic significance. These various infectious agents are implicated alone or in mixed infections and the wide variety of clinical symptoms don't allow to precise a clinical diagnosis. We will try to bring some bases allowing, by the help of laboratory an etiologic diagnosis. This diagnosis is essential for providing an efficient prevention. We will approach some parameters which we have been confronted with as regards Canine Distemper and Canine Adenovirosis. Our purpose is, through these examples of the canine pathology, to confirm and complete some other similar situations which can appear in other animal species.     

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using canine coronavirus-infected CRFK cells as antigen for detection of anti-coronavirus antibody in cat

From the reasons that canine coronavirus (CCV) grows more efficiently than feline coronavirus in a cell culture and they are mutually related in their antigenicities, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using CCV-infected feline kidney (CRFK) cells as substrate antigens was developed for detection of anti-coronavirus antibodies in cats. It was indispensable for generating coronavirus-specific ELISA antibody activities that the sample was applied to the mock-infected, normal CRFK cells in parallel with the CCV-infected cells and then the optical density values given by the mock-infected cell antigen were subtracted from those given by the virus-infected cell antigen. On the basis of ELISA antibody titers obtained in sera from the cats experimentally infected with CCV and from the spontaneous feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) cases, the ELISA described in the present study was found to be applicable as a simple and easy serologic test which was able to detect anti-coronavirus antibodies as efficiently as the indirect immunofluorescence assay with homologous FIP virus.     

低脂无臭蛹蛋白粉的制备方法

研究分析了蚕蛹中油脂的存在形式。采用溶剂浸出整蛹脱脂的方法 ,通过多次脱脂并除臭后提取出无异味的蛹蛋白 ,可用于食品添加剂。制成的蛹蛋白中含油脂 1 8%、水分 5 8%、灰分 1 4 %、总氮 13 9%、氯化物 (以氯计 ) <0 0 5 %、砷 0 94mg/kg、汞 0 5 2mg/kg、重金属总量 <5mg/kg ;微生物检验菌落总数为 5 10cfu·g-1,大肠菌群 9× 10 -3 MPN·g-1,沙门氏菌、贺氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌均未检出 ,霉菌总数 <10cfu·g-1,酵母菌总数 <10cfu·g-1,符合食品卫生标准。     

油气输送管道漏磁检测的有限元分析

叙述了电磁场有限元分析的理论基础，给出了油气输送管道漏磁检测中的漏磁场，用ANSYS软件包对具体实例进行了分析，得到了漏磁场的空间分布、磁感应强度及漏磁信号图等。分析结果有助于全面认识空间中漏磁场，可为油气输送管道提供缺陷定量化检测依据。     

Transmissibility of the contagious equine metritis organism for the cat

A group of SPF cats were moderately susceptible to the causal organism of contagious equine metritis (CEM) following intra-uterine or intrapreputial challenge with an Irish streptomycin resistant strain isolated from a clinically infected mare. Subclinical infections were established in only 50% of the cats, none of which became long-term carriers of the organism. Cytological examination of vaginal smears was of no diagnostic value in confirming infection in inapparently infected cats. Bacteriological responses after primary or secondary challenge with the CEM organism were essentially similar, with one exception, a female cat in which there was possible evidence of local immunity persisting after the primary infection. Efforts to reactivate shedding subsequent to the immediate post-challenge period were unsuccessful. Throughout the experimental period, the cats remained sero-negative to the complement-fixation test, and they failed to develop any significant increase in the levels of antibody activity as measured by the kinetics-based ELISA or KELA system. On day 89 after primary challenge, the cats were euthanized and various sites in the genitourinary tract and the internal iliac lymphatic glands subjected to bacteriological and pathological examination for evidence of CEM infection with negative results. The findings of this study, although establishing the transmissibility of the CEM organism for the cat, demonstrate the limited value of this species as an experimental model system for the disease in the horse.     

A comparison of the mitogenic effects of a phorbol ester on lymphocytes from bovine spleen,lymph node and peripheral bloodComparaison des effets mitogenes d'un ester de phorbol sur des lymphocytes bovins de rate,de ganglions lymphatiques et de sang peripherique

A comparison of the mitogenic effects of a phorbol ester on lymphocytes from bovine spleen, lymph node and peripheral blood.Bovine lymphocytes from three tissues, lymph node, spleen and peripheral blood were compared for their mitogenic responses to 12-O-tetraecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a phorbol ester tumor promoter. TPA alone was found to be either not mitogenic or caused only a weak response when compared with the mitogenic lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Of the three lymphocyte preparations, blood cells showed the greatest proliferative response to TPA. However, all three, lymph node, blood and spleen cells, showed a co-mitogenic response to TPA. That is, TPA synergistically enhanced DNA synthesis in cells stimulated with a suboptimal concentration of PHA.