不同茶树良种加工祁红香螺的品质比较研究

本试验以祁门槠叶种为对照,选取安徽1号、安徽3号和凫早2号三个国家级无性良种为试验对象,按照相同采制标准制成祁红香螺茶样,通过对主要生化成分测定结果和感官审评的比较,研究不同茶树品种对祁红香螺品质的影响。结果表明：三个无性良种茶样的内含物质丰富,生化成分比例协调;形美质优,感观审评五项因子的综合评分皆高于对照,得分从高到低依次为凫早2号、安徽3号、安徽1号、祁门槠叶种,说明三个国家级无性茶树良种均可作为生产祁红香螺的选用品种,尤其以凫早2号、安徽3号为宜。     

运城盆地不同播期小麦干热风发生风险评价

为明确当前气候情境下不同类型小麦在不同播期干热风的发生风险,以半冬性偏冬性品种济麦22、半冬性偏春性品种周麦18以及弱春性品种西农529为材料,通过3年的试验,研究小麦的物候期和产量及其构成因素的变化。分析2年的籽粒灌浆规律,并结合近30年本地区干热风发生分布,讨论不同播期籽粒灌浆95%时的干热风发生概率。结果表明,推迟播期,小麦冬前分蘖减少,但春季分蘖增多,适度增加播量可以保证群体成穗数;籽粒灌浆时长缩短、灌浆速率加快,播期在一定范围内干热风发生概率没有明显提升。济麦22在380℃~680℃、周麦18和西农529在250℃~680℃冬前积温范围播种,干热风发生风险保持一致,继续降低冬前积温,干热风发生风险明显增加。本试验条件下,适度推迟播期,降低冬前积温,增加播量,灌浆速率增加,干热风发生风险没有显著变化,同时不同类型小麦产量稳定。在当前气候条件下,小麦最适冬前积温可由先前的约600℃降低到当前的约380℃,冬前分蘖2~4个,是小麦稳产的有效途径。     

陕西省小麦品种粉质特性的研究

研究了三类小麦材料粉质特性各参数间、地点间和年际间的变异特点以及各参数间的关系,结果表明：各粉质参数在品种间、地点间和年际间的变异大小都是形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和粉质质量数等远大于评价值,而评价值又远大于吸水率;同一参数在不同品种间的变异大小也不尽相同;各品种的不同参数虽在年际间、地点间均有较大的变异系数,但并未达到显著水平;大部分参数间的相关和回归系数均达到极显著水平。说明粉质性状主要由遗传因素决定,外因只起修饰性作用,大部分参数之间可以较可靠地相互预测。     

不同无花果品种品质分析及加工特性的研究

为了筛选品质优良、适宜加工的无花果品种,以8个无花果品种为试材,对其外观品质、营养成分及加工特性进行测定。结果表明：外观品质方面,供试品种果实为近圆球形,呈黄绿色、紫红色及黑紫色等多种颜色,波姬红和玛斯义陶芬单果质量较大,分别为62.10 g和52.67 g,紫色波尔多果孔直径最小,有利于贮藏和抵御病虫害。营养成分方面,供试品种含糖量为10.78%～14.86%,含酸量为0.06%～0.43%,其中斯特拉具有最高含糖量和最低含酸量,属于浓甜型品种;可溶性固形物含量紫色波尔多最高,为21.43%;不同无花果品种可溶性蛋白质含量接近,为6.21～7.14 mg/kg。加工特性方面,供试无花果品种含水率为17.60%～29.30%,出汁率为28.19%～41.00%,波姬红出汁率最高、含水率最低;果胶含量为64.63～91.50 mg/kg,单宁含量为89.81～160.10 ?滋g/kg,紫色波尔多及斯特拉果胶及单宁含量较高,会加大果汁加工澄清护色处理难度;POD活性明显高于PPO活性,说明无花果中引起酶促褐变的主要因素是过氧化物酶POD;加热后颜色变化?驻E*为2.41～17.83,波姬红、芭劳内、斯特拉和玛斯义陶芬果汁色泽变化较小。     

Genotypic Differences in Root Hair Deformation and Subsequent Nodulation for Red Clover under Different Additions of Starter N Fertilization

Red clover cultivars, including diploid and tetraploid, are commonly used in legume‐based pasture mixtures. However, information on nodulation under different starter N regimens is limited. We hypothesized that there is genetic variability among different red clover cultivars for nodulation. A root hair deformation assay was conducted using three diploid (AC Christie, Tapani and CRS15) and three tetraploid (Tempus, CRS18 and CRS39) red clover cultivars by inoculating them with Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii. Nodulation and morphological characteristics of two selected red clover cultivars, AC Christie and Tempus, were determined under five starter N concentrations (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 mg per plant). Inoculation with rhizobia increased root hair deformation with significant interaction across cultivars. Nodulation was delayed under high starter N concentrations, and genotypic differences were evident for days‐to‐nodule initiation. There was a positive quadratic response to starter N for AC Christie and a negative quadratic response for Tempus for nodulation. Tempus had more active nodules (92 %) than AC Christie (73 %). The genetic variability of red clover cultivars should be considered in N fixation studies and their response to availability of initial N.     

Variation in heading date conceals quantitative trait loci for other traits of importance in breeding selection of rice

To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the primary target traits for selection in practical rice breeding programs, backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from crosses between temperate japonica rice cultivars Nipponbare and Koshihikari were evaluated for 50 agronomic traits at six experimental fields located throughout Japan. Thirty-three of the 50 traits were significantly correlated with heading date. Using a linkage map including 647 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a total of 122 QTLs for 38 traits were mapped on all rice chromosomes except chromosomes 5 and 9. Fifty-eight of the 122 QTLs were detected near the heading date QTLs Hd16 and Hd17 and the remaining 64 QTLs were found in other chromosome regions. QTL analysis of 51 BILs having homozygous for the Koshihikari chromosome segments around Hd16 and Hd17 allowed us to detect 40 QTLs associated with 27 traits; 23 of these QTLs had not been detected in the original analysis. Among the 97 QTLs for the 30 traits measured in multiple environments, the genotype-by-environment interaction was significant for 44 QTLs and not significant for 53 QTLs. These results led us to propose a new selection strategy to improve agronomic performance in temperate japonica rice cultivars.     

Development of locally-adapted faba bean cultivars for organic conditions in Germany through a participatory breeding approach

Organic farming requires cultivars that are specifically adapted to this low input cropping system. Hence, organic farmers and scientists joined in a participatory breeding approach to develop region-specific genotypes of spring faba bean for organic conditions in Germany. A set of 49 genotypes with contrasting degrees of heterozygosity and heterogeneity was used in field trials across five locations in Germany during 3 years 2004, 2005 and 2006. The material involved 18 inbred lines, their 18 polycross progenies, one blend of inbred lines, one blend of polycross progenies, one blend of hybrids and ten checks. Inbred lines are uniform, thus giving the option to be specifically adapted; whereas the polycross progenies and synthetics (Syn-1; predicted from the inbred lines and polycross progenies performance) are partly heterogeneous and heterozygous, thus giving the option to evolve. Agronomic performance was assessed and a “personal appreciation” score of the material was assigned to each genotype by each partner. This personal appreciation was strongly influenced by biotic and abiotic constraints faced by the crop in each location and by the expected grain yield of the genotypes. Uniformity was apparently appreciated by organic farmers. In all locations, the highest yielding inbred line yielded slightly better than the predicted highest yielding synthetic. However, this slight disadvantage of the synthetic is very likely to disappear if the synthetic (Syn-1) is propagated during successive generations.     

Selection proposal of cultivars of spring barley in the years from 2001 to 2004, using Joint Regression Analysis

Joint Regression Analysis is a widely used technique in the analysis of series of experiments for cultivar comparison. We show how this technique may be used in the selection of recommended cultivars. We apply this technique to a series of experiments on spring barley cultivars carried out from 2001 to 2004. The data in these designs were kindly made available by the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture in Brno, Czech Republic.     

紫竹4种栽培类型出笋成竹规律研究

观察了大径紫竹、一年紫、二年紫和三年紫等4种紫竹(Phyllostachys nigra)栽培类型的出笋和成竹过程,比较了它们的出笋和高生长规律。结果表明:紫竹4种栽培类型笋期为20～30天,其中大径紫竹出笋最早;高生长曲线基本为S形,高生长量与温度呈极显著相关。     

不同栽培树形对油橄榄品种果实产量的效应

Longnan City in Gansu Province is the largest base of olive production in China. In the olive orchard locating in Wudu District of Longnan City, thirty trees were sampled each of three cultivars, ‘Leccino’, ‘Chenggu32’, ‘Ezhi8’, with monoconical and vase training system. After planted with density of 5×6 m in 1992, each sample tree was investigated to determine the yield fresh fruit in five different years. The results of survey and analysis showed that there were significant differences of fruit yield among 5 years and 3 cultivars. Different canopy shapes yielded some effect on fruit setting rate and yield of different cultivars in different years. During first fruiting period in the fourth/sixth year after planting, fruit setting rate and yield of ‘Leccino’ with monocone were more 6.7% and 0.15 kg than those with vase and those of ‘Ezhi8’ and ‘Chenggu32’ with vase were more 20%, 10% and 0.18 kg, 0.09 kg than those with monocone. With the increase of tree age, fruit set and yield of ‘Leccino’ and ‘Ezhi8’ with vase was more than those of monocone. In 2011, average yields per tree of ‘Leccino’ and ‘Ezhi8’ with vase were more 13.35 kg and 6.85 kg than those with monocone. And the highest yield per tree of ‘Leccino’ with vase was 75 kg, more 16 kg than that of monocone. Fruit trees with yield over 35 kg of ‘Leccino’ and 25 kg of ‘Ezhi8’ with vase accounted for 80% and 46.7%, more 40% and 30.01% than those of monocone. It was concluded that vase training system would produce higher yield of ‘Leccino’ and ‘Ezhi8’ and its effect and advantages were gradually prominent with increase age. As for ‘Chenggu32’, monocone got a slightly higher yield than that of vase and in 2011 fruit trees with yield over 15 kg accounted for 25%, more 8.34% than vase. The difference between two training system of this cultivar was not obvious.