Combining ability between lines of Cucumis sativus L. and Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef

Summary Three Cucumis sativus L. (CS) lines adapted to USA growing conditions were used as female parents in crosses to one line each of seven Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef. (CH) accessions used as male parents to determine the relative combining ability of the CH accessions for six horticultural characters. The 21 F₁ progenies were grown in a randomized complete block design in two locations and evaluated for fruit number, lateral branch number, fruit length, fruit length/diameter ratio, number of female flowering nodes, and days to anthesis. General combining ability (GCA) was significant for all characters in each location. Specific combining ability (SCA) was significant for all characters except days to anthesis in one location and lateral branch number in both locations. Significant location × combining ability interactions were also evident for several characters. Results suggest that CH may be useful for improving fruit yield in commercial cucumber, but that limitations may lie in the attainment of acceptable fruit.Research supported by the College of Agric. and Life Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison; USDA, ARS, and by funds from Pickle Packers Intl., Inc. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee of warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its improval to the exclusion of the other products or vendors that may also be suitable.     

Relationships between African species of the genus Cucumis L. Estimated by the production,vigour and fertility of F1 hybrids

Summary The production, vigour, and fertility of F₁ hybrids between nine African species of the genus Cucumis L. were studied as a measure of the relationships between the species. Hybrid plants were obtained from 29 out of the 72 possible cross combinations. Two F₁ hybrids died as seedlings, and 27 hybrids were raised to maturity. Pollen production and stainability varied greatly amongst these hybrids, as did fruit and seed set following self pollination and backcrossing with either parental species. The fruit shape of the hybrids was always intermediate between that of both parental species.Two species appeared to be closely related: C. prophetarum L. and C. anguria var. longipes A. Meeuse. Most other species produced highly to moderately fertile F₁ hybrids with at least one other species. C. metuliferus Naud. produced only sterile hybrids with C. zeyheri Sond. 2x. The results sustain the recent taxonomic classification of the genus (Jeffrey, 1980).     

三种主要黄瓜病毒抗性基因的定位

以黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)欧洲八号×秋棚为亲本构建的重组自交系(RIL)群体为材料,以病情指数为指标,对群体和亲本进行了小西葫芦(Cucurbitapepo L.)黄化花叶病毒(Zucchini yellow mosaic virus,ZYMV)、番木瓜环斑病毒西瓜株系(Papaya ringspot virus watermelon strain,PRSV-W)和西瓜花叶病毒(Watermelon mosaic virus,WMV)的抗病性鉴定.结果表明3种病毒的病情指数在黄瓜RIL群体呈双峰分布,表明对ZYMV、PRSV-W和WMV的抗性是受主基因控制的性状.利用Joinmap软件进行连锁分析,发现ZYMV和PRSV-W与WMV连锁,3个抗病基因的排列顺序和遗传距离是WMV-6cM-ZYMV-7cM-PRSV-W.根据AFLP、SSR和RAPD标记结果构建了一个黄瓜遗传图谱,3个抗病毒病基因被定位于第二连锁群.     

秸秆和地膜双元覆盖对设施黄瓜根系生长和根际土壤养分的影响

[目的]研究秸秆和地膜双元覆盖条件对设施黄瓜结果期根系生长和根际土壤养分含量的影响,为北方寒旱区设施农业可持续生产提供理论依据和技术支持。[方法]以设施黄瓜为试材,采用日光温室试验和室内测定的分析方法。[结果]玉米秸秆加地膜的双元覆盖处理可明显增加根际土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾等养分含量,促进植株根系生长,其中0.72kg/m2秸秆量并覆膜处理效果和推广性最佳,与对照相比,在结果后期提高根际土壤有机质、全磷、全钾、碱解氮含量及根系数、根冠比、总根长、根表面积、根系活力分别达20.83%,22.83%,5.16%,5.53%,73.24%,32.76%,65.42%,45.94%和10.41%。[结论]秸秆和地膜复合的双元覆盖效果优于秸秆或地膜单一覆盖处理。     

荷兰黄瓜收获机器人的研究开发

为了降低黄瓜人工收获费用，荷兰农业环境工程研究所已经成功开发出了移动式黄瓜收获机器人样机。重点研究了机器人视觉识别系统软件和机械手运动控制程序。移动式黄瓜收获机器人由4部分组成：行走车、机械手、视觉系统和末梢执行器。试验表明该机器人的行走车能够快速到达初步作业位置，视觉系统能够探测到黄瓜果实的精确位置及成熟度，末梢执行器可以抓取黄瓜果实并将果实从茎秆上分离。     

日光温室黄瓜群体结构参数及群体内辐射分布分析

为研究作物群体结构与环境要素的关系，观测了日光温室内黄瓜不同生育时期的群体结构参数和群体内太阳总辐射的水平分布和垂直分布。发现叶面积指数、叶面积密度、叶倾角、叶方位角等结构要素在不同生育时期有明显的变化：随生育的进展，叶面积指数稳定增加，叶面积密度生育前期明显上升、后期有所下降，最大叶面积密度所在高度随黄瓜生长逐渐上移；叶倾角分布主要以水平叶为主；叶方位角以偏南居多，偏北叶所占比例较少；不同黄瓜品种间叶方位角和叶倾角也存在差异。这些变化与差异对黄瓜群体的辐射分布有重要影响，也直接影响群体叶的光合速率，此结果可为建立黄瓜群体辐射分布模型进一步优化日光温室结构，建立日光温室内作物生长模型、环境调节控制策略等提供理论依据，另外，对植株的调控技术(如整枝打杈技术等)也有一定的参考意义。     

植物生长物质冠菌素提高黄瓜幼苗耐冷性的效应

为研究植物生长物质冠菌素对黄瓜幼苗耐冷性的影响,以冷敏感黄瓜品种津春四号幼苗为材料,在第2片真叶完全展开时分别用0(对照CK)、0.000 1、0.001、0.01和0.1μmol/L浓度的冠菌素溶液进行叶面处理,然后在(5±1)℃下低温胁迫4 d。结果表明:0.001μmol/L冠菌素处理的黄瓜幼苗低温胁迫后,冷害指数比CK降低了44.9%,叶绿素含量、光系统Ⅱ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量分别比CK提高46.7%、99.0%、48.2%和43.1%,而电解质渗漏率含量比CK降低了27.8%,差异均达到显著水平;因此,适宜的冠菌素处理可以显著提高黄瓜幼苗耐冷性。     

6-BA、NAA和IAA对黄瓜子叶离体培养分化的影响

以‘津春四号’黄瓜(Cucumis stativus)的幼龄子叶为外植体,比较了不同浓度的6-BA、NAA、IAA对其诱导愈伤组织以及对愈伤组织分化不定芽及不定根的影响。结果表明,黄瓜在组织培养再生完整植株时,只需极低浓度的NAA即能诱导大量愈伤组织;在0.05～0.10mg/L浓度范围内随NAA浓度的提高,出愈率提高,愈伤组织增殖加快;MS 6-BA1.0mg/L NAA0.10mg/L为较适宜的愈伤组织诱导培养基;MS 6-BA1.0mg/L IAA0.05～0.10mg/L为较适宜的芽诱导培养基;1/2MS NAA0.5mg/L培养基对生根诱导效果较好。     

苯丙噻重氮(BTH)诱导黄瓜幼苗抗黑星病的研究

通过 ０．１２５～２ μｇ／ｍＬ ＢＴＨ对黑星菌孢子萌发率及菌丝生长速率影响的测试，证明 ＢＴＨ对黑星菌孢子萌发及菌丝生长均无直接抑制作用，采用 ０．１２５～２ ｆｉｇ／ｍＬ ＢＴＨ喷洒黄瓜幼苗后均可诱导黄瓜对黑星病产生一定程度的抗性，其中 ＩＰｇ／ｍＬ ＢＴＨ处理长春密刺、津研７号、津春３号后，平均诱导效果分别为 ９１．１７％、８０．９４％、９７．０７％。１μｇ／ｍＬ　ＢＴＨ诱导黄瓜幼苗抗黑星病的效果显著高于 ０．１％水杨酸、０．１％苯酚、０．１％氯化钾。ＢＴＨ处理后，对长春密刺的平均诱导效果可达８３．９０％，而水杨酸、苯酚、氯化钾对其诱导效果分别为１７．１７％、３２．４２％、３３．２４％。     

黄瓜线杂一号的选育和利用

从扬州地方乳黄瓜品种中,经系选选出三个单花线瓜品系,分别与粤早品种杂交,获得亩产4800斤、抗毒素病强、腌加工品质优良的杂交组合粤早×乳_2,已供生产应用。