Purification and characterization of a cysteine-like protease from the body wall of the sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Stichopus japonicus</Emphasis>

The sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) is able to undergo autolysis in response to a variety of environmental and mechanical cues. Within the framework of a long-term study of this phenomenon we have purified a protease from the body wall of the sea cucumber by means of ion-exchange chromatography with DE-52 cellulose and gel filtration chromatography with Sephadex G-100. The final enzyme preparation was nearly homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 35.5 kDa. The purified enzyme exhibited a maximum activity for the hydrolysis of casein at pH 7.0 and 50°C and a remarkable stability at pH 4.0–7.0 and 40–60°C. Based on the inhibition and activation profiles obtained with numerous specific protease inhibitors and an activator, the protease purified from the body wall of the sea cucumber was defined to be a cysteine-like protease.     

采用改进SSD网络的海参目标检测算法

随着海参养殖业快速发展,利用水下机器人代替人工作业的海参智能捕捞已成为发展趋势。浅海环境复杂,海参体色与环境区分性差、海参呈现半遮蔽状态等原因,导致目标识别准确率低下。此外由于景深运动,远端海参作为小目标常常未被识别成功。为解决上述问题,该研究提出一种基于改进SSD网络的海参目标检测算法。首先通过RFB（Receptive Field Block）模块扩大浅层特征感受野,利用膨胀卷积对特征图进行下采样,增加海参细节、位置等信息,并结合注意力机制,对不同深度特征进行强化,将计算得出的权重与原特征信息相乘以此获得特征图,使结果包含最具代表性的特征,也抑制无关特征。最后实现特征图融合,进一步提升水下海参的识别精度。以实际拍摄的视频进行测试验证,在网络结构层面上,对传统算法进行改进。试验结果表明,基于改进的SSD网络的海参目标检测算法的平均精度均值为95.63%,检测帧速为10.70帧/s,相较于传统的SSD算法,在平均精度均值提高3.85个百分点的同时检测帧速仅减少2.8帧/s。与Faster R-CNN算法和YOLOv4算法进行对比试验,该研究算法在平均精度均值指标上,分别比YOLOv4、Faster R-CNN算法提高4.19个百分点、1.74个百分点。在检测速度方面,该研究算法较YOLOv4、Faster R-CNN算法分别低4.6帧/s、高3.95帧/s,试验结果表明,综合考虑准确率与运行速度,改进后的SSD算法较适合进行海参智能捕捞任务。研究结果为海参智能捕捞提供参考。     

不同叶面肥对黄瓜产量和品质的影响

为了探索黑龙江省东部地区黄瓜叶面肥的施用效果,以黄瓜品种中农6号为试材,设4个叶面肥处理,分别施用利果美、金牌、凯丰和巨尔,研究了同种浓度不同功效的叶面肥对大田黄瓜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:4种叶面肥均有提高黄瓜产量、VC含量和可溶性蛋白含量的作用,其中1 000倍液巨尔叶面肥处理的黄瓜产量和品质与对照差异极显著。     

Comparison of Physiological Properties Between Dwarf and Vinetype Cucumbers （Cucumis sativus Linn.）

Dwarfism is one of the most important traits in crop breeding. In this study, a dwarf cucumber D0462 and a vine NA129 were taken as experimental materials. The metabolism of hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） and superoxide anion radical （O2-·, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and the levels of endogenous hormones of the two cultivars were compared. In the whole growth period, D0462 maintained higher H2O2 and O2-· levels than NA129. The activities of SOD （superoxide dismutase）, CAT （catalase）, APX （ascorbate peroxidase） and IAAO （indoleacetic acid oxidase） in D0462 were found higher than those in NA129. The contents of gibberellic acid （GA3）, indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, zeatin riboside （ZR） and jasmonic acid （JA） in intemode were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The intemode ofD0462 remained lower levels of GA3, IAA, and ZR. In contrast, JA level in internode of D0462 was higher than that of NA129. Compared with NA129, the cell mumbers in intemode of D0462 did not change, but cell size evidently decreased. The chloroplasts in mature mesophyll D0462 exhibited swollen filled with starch grains instead of regular oval ones, and thylakoids of chloroplast swelled and became ambiguous.     

碳晶电热板在日光温室黄瓜冬季育苗中的应用效果

为明确碳晶电热板在日光温室冬季黄瓜育苗中的应用效果,以日光温室正常培养(不加温)和发热电缆(敷设功率为100W/m2)加温为对照,研究碳晶电热板加温对基质温度、耗电量、黄瓜幼苗生长和生理特性影响;以日光温室正常培养(不加温)为对照,研究隔热层在碳晶电热温床育苗中的节能效果差异。结果表明:1)80W/m2敷设功率的碳晶电热板加温的夜间基质温度能达到并保持目的温度(18℃),比对照最低温度和平均温度分别高12.1和6.07℃,比发热电缆处理最低温度和平均温度分别高7.0和3.05℃,耗电率比发热电缆处理的减少34.4%;2)黄瓜出苗时间为1.3d,比对照处理减少4.0d,比发热电缆处理减少2.0d;3)80W/m2碳晶电热板加温处理的黄瓜壮苗指数比对照处理增加144.4%,比发热电缆处理增加46.7%;4)与不使用隔热层的碳晶电热温床相比,使用聚苯乙烯板和无纺布制作成的隔热层的电热温床的日平均温度分别提高2.3和1.9℃,耗电率减少22.6%和21.2%,黄瓜壮苗指数提高50.0%和43.8%。说明碳晶电热板加温是适合我国华北地区冬季设施黄瓜育苗的加温方式,敷设功率以80W/m2为宜;聚苯乙烯板和无纺布是适合碳晶电热温床使用的隔热材料。     

痕量灌溉管不同埋深对日光温室沙培黄瓜的影响

以微喷灌溉(CK)为对照,研究痕量灌溉管在沙培中不同埋深对日光温室春季黄瓜生长、产量和水分生产效率等的影响.结果表明,T3处理(25cm)的黄瓜生长与CK(微喷)相比受到显著抑制,T1 (5cm)、T2(15cm)处理黄瓜生物积累量、叶片净光合速率、果实品质与CK相比均有所提高,不同处理间叶片电导率、MDA、根系活力差异不显著,T1、T2、T3处理沙子含水量均低于CK;T1处理的产量比T2处理提高了1.9％;与CK相比的T1、T2处理水分生产效率分别提高50.9％、60.0％.分析表明,日光温室沙培黄瓜栽培中痕量灌溉管埋设深度为5 cm最佳.     

基于无线传感网络的海参苗养殖环境监测系统的研究

本文通过分析海参苗养殖现状,设计了一种基于无线传感网络的海参苗养殖环境监测系统。通过在监测区域部署传感器节点,监测养殖池中的的温度、盐度、溶解氧及水位等环境参数。将检测到的数据无线发射到远程监测软件,监测软件将分析结果反馈给末端执行机构,实现对养殖池环境的实时监控。本文从系统结构和数据传输等方面进行了阐述,对海参苗养殖的自动化生产提供了一种有效可行、成本较低的解决方案。     

水肥组合对日光温室黄瓜叶片生长和产量的影响

在陕北黄土高原具隔水小区的日光温室内,设计完全随机区组试验,研究了不同水肥组合对结瓜期黄瓜叶片生长和产量的影响。结果表明,在结瓜期,所有处理黄瓜叶面积逐渐增加,而叶片扩展速率、叶片组织含水率、叶片中游离脯氨酸（PRO）和丙二醛（MDA）含量、黄瓜产量和水分利用效率（WUE）均先增加后降低;当土壤含水率一致时,高肥处理（N：600 kg/hm2,P2O5：420 kg/hm2）叶面积、叶片扩展速率、产量和WUE显著高于低肥处理（N：420 kg/hm2,P2O5：294 kg/hm2）;低肥处理产量随土壤含水率增加而增加,高肥处理随土壤含水率增加先增加后降低,WUE随土壤含水率增加而降低。中水高肥处理（WmFh）的叶片净光合速率（Pn）和蒸腾速率（Tr）日变化均高于其他处理。表明,中水高肥处理（田间持水率＞75%～90%,施用N：600 kg/hm2,P2O5：420 kg/hm2）黄瓜在结瓜期叶片生长健壮、光合作用强、产量较高,节约了水资源。     

Effects of silicon application on drought resistance of cucumber plants

A study on the effects of silicon supply on the resistance to drought in cucumber plants was conducted in pot experiments. The results suggested that in the absence of stress, silicon slightly enhanced the net photosynthetic rate, but significantly decreased the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in cucumber plants. Silicon enhanced the net photosynthetic rate of cucumber plants under drought stress. Since silicon decreased the stomatal conductance, enhanced the capacity of holding water, and kept the transpiration rate at a relatively steady rate during drought stress, the photosynthesis of the cucumber plants was sustained. And under drought stress, silicon increased the biomass and water content of leaves in cucumber plants. Silicon decreased the decomposition of chlorophyll in cucumber plants under drought stress, limited the increase of the plasma membrane permeability and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves, alleviated the physiological response of peroxidase (POD) to drought stress, maintained the superoxide dismutase (SOD) normal adaptation, and increased the activity of catalase (CAT). Under severe stress, these physiological biochemical reactions showed positive correlations with the amount of silicon supply. These findings demonstrated that silicon enhanced the resistance of the cucumber plants to drought. Statistical analysis indicated that under drought stress the cumulative value of biomass showed a highly significant correlation with the cumulative value of diurnal photosynthesis (r = 0.9812, p < 0.01), and was significantly correlated with the water content of leaves (r = 0.8650, p < 0.05). These results demonstrated that under drought stress the first factor responsible for the effects of silicon application on the cumulative value of biomass was the increase of photosynthesis, and the second factor was the enhancement of the water holding capacity. Based on these facts, it was concluded that silicon enhanced the resistance to drought mainly by taking part in the metabolism of plants.     

北方日光温室黄瓜栽培存在的突出问题及对策

对北方地区日光温室黄瓜生产中存在的温室结构不合理,连作障碍严重和药害发生频繁等问题进行了阐述,并提出了相应的解决方法。