A review of irrigation performance assessment in California

A survey of irrigation performance assessment as conducted in California was performed. Emphasis was placed on the actual procedures employed by the State's major water providers and irrigation districts. Survey results covered the development of innovative irrigation performance assessment parameters as well as the methodologies used to evaluate these parameters. All aspects of California's irrigation infrastructure were considered, from the management of major hydraulic structures, through water delivery, and on-farm consideration. Environmental performance assessment methodologies were also examined.     

浙江省农业机械化水平的总体评价与地区比较

为科学评价农业机械化发展水平,在分析现有农业机械化水平评价方法的基础上,根据浙江省农业机械化发展现状及有关文献,建立和确定了浙江省农业机械化水平评价指标体系、评价标准以及各评价指标的权重;最后,利用2005年浙江省和其所属11个地(市)的有关统计数据计算出全省和各地区的农业机械化水平.评价结果表明,与实际情况基本一致,为加强农业机械化的宏观管理提供了科学依据.     

我国北方地区节水农业技术水平及评价

在系统分析我国节水农业技术水平现状的基础上 ,对各类节水技术的差距和存在问题进行了探讨 ,提出了各类技术亟待研究解决的若干重点问题。并指出建立以渠道防渗技术、管道输水技术及地面灌水技术为核心 ,符合国情的节水农业技术体系已迫在眉睫。     

Creating and Consolidating Locally Managed Irrigation in Turkey: the National Perspective

The Turkish program of irrigationmanagement transfer has gained worldwidecelebrity for its speed and effectiveness. This paper describes the program brieflyand assesses its effectiveness from anational perspective. The assessmentincludes changes in staffing levels,operational costs, service fee levels, andcost recovery from farmers. A companionpaper examines impacts at the local leveland looks specifically at changes in systemperformance.     

An integrated modelling toolbox for water resources assessment and management in highland catchments: Model description

Water and land resource competition and environmental degradation pose difficult questions for resource managers. In particular, the ensuing trade-offs between economic, environmental, and social factors and their spatiotemporal variability must be considered when implementing management policies. This paper describes an integrated modelling toolbox that has been developed for highland catchments – specifically the Mae Chaem catchment in Northern Thailand. This toolbox contains models of crop growth, erosion and rainfall-runoff, as well as household decision and socioeconomic impact models. The approach described advances and complements previous approaches by: considering more complex interactions between land-use decisions and the hydrological cycle; modelling household decisions based on uncertain expectations; and assessing impacts of changes not only on flows and household income, but also on subsistence production and erosion. An example of the types of trade-offs and scenarios that can be assessed using the integrated modelling toolbox is also presented. This demonstrates that for the scenarios presented, the magnitude and direction of impacts simulated by the model is not dependent on climate. Further testing of the model is demonstrated in a companion paper. Overall, the plausibility of the model is shown.     

东港灌区运行状况综合评价研究

在灌区续建配套与节水改造规划工作实施的基础上，拟建了一套合理的评价指标体系，利用层次分析法（AHP）确定评价指标的权重，建立了模糊综合评判（FCE）数学模型，并运用该模型对东港市的三个灌区的运行状况进行综合评价，评价结果与实际情况吻合良好。     

农业资源环境价值与评估方法

农业资源环境价值,尤其是对农业资源环境非市场价值的认识,是农业资源核算所面临的首要问题。文章在分析传统经济学价值理论的基础上,提出了可持续发展的自然资源价值观,认为只有从可持续发展出发认识自然资源价值,才能建立科学的自然资源核算价值理论。对农业资源价值给予全面、准确的评估并将其纳入资源价格体系是农业资源可持续利用的关键。为此,经济学家创建了一系列的价值评估方法。     

秸秆沼气化发电技术生命周期评估及经济分析

该研究基于生命周期评价方法和时间价值动态分析方法对沼气直燃发电技术、沼气燃料电池发电技术作可行性分析,并与燃煤发电技术相比,旨在综合评估三种发电技术在环境和经济上的特点,为发电方式选择提供参考依据。结果表明：沼气燃料电池发电技术环境效益最佳,总环境影响负荷为8.55×10^-4,沼气直燃发电技术总环境影响负荷为2.15×10^-2,两者相较于燃煤发电(2.97×10^-1)的减排量分别为99.71%和92.76%。在经济上,沼气直燃发电技术的投资回收期最短(12.03 a),运营期净现值可达1 361 246 Yuan/MW;其次是燃煤发电技术(14.5 a),净现值为423 933 Yuan/MW;沼气燃料电池发电技术动态回收期>20 a且未实现盈余。说明沼气直燃发电技术在近期内将仍是替代燃煤发电的最佳发电技术之一。     

黄土高原不同生态类型区退耕还林(草)综合效益评价指标体系构建研究

退耕还林(草)综合效益评价指标体系的构建是退耕还林(草)工程效应评价的一个重要环节.首先根据黄土高原地区的自然环境现状和生态类型区划原则,将黄土高原划分为4个不同的生态类型区;然后根据综合效益评价指标体系建立的原则和方法,从生态、社会经济2个层次中选取对黄土高原影响较大的28个指标因子,建立适合黄土高原地区的退耕还林(草)综合效益评价指标体系;最后根据每个生态类型区的特征和自然状况,确定不同生态区域各评价指标的权重.     

基于综合视角的县域国土空间冲突测度与功能优化——以江西省宜黄县为例

[目的]测度国土空间冲突强度,分区探讨国土空间冲突管理和优化国土空间利用途径,为县域国土空间可持续开发利用提供新的思路。[方法]以江西省宜黄县为例,通过景观生态指数模型、可开发强度分析、用地现状与适宜性评价叠加3种方法,以“把握景观格局—明确开发强度—摸底适宜性—实现功能优化”综合视角为导向,构建综合视角下国土空间冲突测度模型,识别乡镇尺度下空间显著冲突与区域本位基底相耦合的综合冲突类型区,进而提出功能优化措施。[结果](1)2010—2020年宜黄县城镇化趋势扩大,生态空间的容纳度变低,国土空间主要表现为农业生产空间和生态空间向工矿生产空间和城镇生活空间转移。(2)2010—2020年宜黄县区域空间冲突强度加剧,不同时段和区域下空间冲突强度和分布情况差异显著,可控空间主要分布在南部,轻度和中度冲突在域内分布较为均匀,重度冲突主要分布在北部、中部和东部。(3)根据开发强度和冲突产生诱因,可将宜黄县乡镇划分为地形发展劣势区、城镇开发密集区和自然保护地集中区3类,作为空间功能优化的重点。(4)宜黄县乡镇尺度上空间冲突类型区分布存在差异性,表现为：农业空间与生态空间冲突>城镇空间与生态...