水分调控对杨梅容器苗光合特性的影响

以杨梅(Myrica rubra)1年生嫁接容器苗为试验材料,进行不同水分梯度对其的光合特性的影响试验.结果表明:杨梅的光合作用在不同水分梯度下存在显著差异,其最大净光合速率、光能利用范围与水分含量呈正相关,但水分含量过高反而会使其下降;不同水分梯度下其光合日进程均为双峰型,夏季净光合速率峰值出现在10:00左右,各处理的峰值差异显著;其叶绿素含量在适宜水分含量下最高,且与光合能力呈正相关.综合各项指标,为最大程度满足其水分需求,并达到合理用水的目的,夏季杨梅容器苗培育基质相对含水量以65％～ 75％较为适宜.     

采伐干扰和火烧对大兴安岭森林土壤化学性质的影响

以大兴安岭新林林业局宏图林场内的试验地为研究对象,对林地土壤的化学性质进行测定和分析。结果表明：采伐干扰试验迹地土壤pH值较未受干扰的迹地有所增加,而有机质含量和各种营养元素的含量均降低。火烧使大兴安岭林区实验迹地的土壤的酸性增强,经过火烧的样地要比未受干扰样地有机质含量高。土壤全N、有效N的含量在火烧后初期增加,随着时间的推移有所降低,后期又再次上升,并且含量超过火烧前的水平,火烧对土壤全P、全K、有效K含量没有明显的影响,基本保持未受干扰的水平,不同火烧年限迹地之间并无显著的差异,土壤有效P的含量在火烧初期下降,之后呈现上升趋势。     

Canopy cover and groundlayer vegetation dynamics in a fire managed eastern sand savanna

Savanna vegetation is characterized by high and variable ground layer species richness regulated by functional group interactions with fire regimes and canopy cover. Frequent fire selects for C4 grasses and prairie forbs in canopy openings and C3 graminoid species and shade-adapted forbs and shrubs in canopy shade. Frequent fire also maximizes heterogeneity in partial canopy cover and species richness across the full canopy gradient. However, few studies have linked fire induced change in tree canopy cover with groundlayer vegetation dynamics in relation to this model. In 1986 and in 2007, we measured canopy cover and sampled groundlayer vegetation in 1 m² plots along 53 transects at the Tefft Savanna, a fire managed 197 ha eastern sand savanna with strong canopy cover and elevation gradients. We analyzed temporal change in canopy cover and groundlayer vegetation, correlating percent change in canopy cover with change in ground layer functional groups. After 20 years of burning at 3 fires/decade, elevation accounted for 62% of the variation in an NMS ordination of groundlayer vegetation. However, canopy cover, which averaged 24-86% in 2007, had a significant secondary effect on the ordination. Five vegetation types classified by TWINSPAN varied significantly in elevation and canopy cover. Woody vegetation comprised 8 of the 12 species with greatest niche breadths, and tended to predominant in woodland or forest, where tree cover averaged 50% or more. Forbs had greater richness in savanna, which averaged less than 30% canopy cover. The C3 sedge Carex pensylvanica was the dominant graminoid species under woodland canopy cover, and was co-dominant with the C4 grasses Andropogon scoparius and Sorghastrum nutans under savanna canopy cover. As in other savannas, N-fixing species sorted across shade and canopy openings, and heterogeneity among transects was maximized at mid-canopy cover. Over time, canopy cover decreased up to 50%, creating more open savanna conditions at mid to high elevations. This decrease was associated with a 20-100 % increase in species richness and was significantly correlated with increasing richness and cover of C4 grasses and summer flowering prairie and woodland forbs. These results support a canopy cover model of fire-maintained savanna vegetation, with greater abundance of C4 grasses and prairie forb species associated with lower canopy cover, greater heterogeneity at mid-canopy cover, and species richness maximized across the light gradient. They also indicate that decreasing canopy cover caused by repeated burning increases species richness and abundance of C4 and prairie forb species.     

基于Daubechies小波分析的汽车电控发动机失火故障诊断信息提取

采用Daubechies （dbN）小波分析方法,对汽车电控发动机的瞬时转速信号进行降噪处理与分析.应用Matlab中的一维小波分析函数,对汽车电控发动机瞬时转速信号进行不同阶数和层数的拟合效果分析,并确定出使原始转速信号失真较小的拟合消失矩阶数（10阶）和层数（3层）;基于发动机瞬时转速的平均值M、瞬时转速的标准差Sd、变异系数作为特征值以及发动机转速数据频率分布图的特点,对电控发动机产生失火状态的故障识别的明显性进行比较.研究结果表明,常用的发动机失火故障的诊断仅是利用断缸法识别转速的变化,而采用dbN小波分析方法可以有效的提取明显表征电控发动机失火故障状态的变异系数及发动机转速数值主频分布特点等信息,可进一步增强对失火故障的识别程度和诊断的准确性.     

气调贮藏过程中冬枣果实的几种生理变化

以冬枣为试材,研究了在气调贮藏(CA)和冷藏(对照)条件下冬枣果实的生理变化。结果表明：与冷藏对照相比,适合的气调贮藏(02体积分数12％～15％,CO2体积分数为0)能够保持冬枣果肉较高水平的酚类物质(总酚含量与果实组织电导率之间表现为极显著的负相关,CA的相关系数是-0．99);可以有效抑制冬枣果实多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性,并推迟多酚氧化酶活性高峰的来临;保持果实中细胞膜结构的完整性,并较好地减缓了冬枣果实中乙醇的积累;气调贮藏可以有效地抑制冬枣果实的褐变和酒化,延长了冬枣的贮藏时间。     

Pyrolytic characteristics of burning residue of fire-retardant wood

In order to investigate the pyrolytic characteristics of the burning residue of fire-retardant wood, a multifunctional fire-resistance test oven aimed at simulating the course of a fire was used to burn fire-retardant wood and untreated wood. Samples at different distances from the combustion surface were obtained and a thermogravimetric analysis (TG) was applied to test the prrolytic process of the burning residue in an atmosphere of nitrogen. The results showed that: 1) there was little difference between fire-retardant wood and its residue in the initial temperature of thermal degradation. The initial temperature of thermal degradation of the combustion layer in untreated wood was higher than that in the no burning wood sample; 2) the temperature of the flame retardant in fire-retardant wood was 200°C in the differential thermogravimetry (DTG). The peak belonging to the flame retardant tended to dissipate during the time of burning; 3) for the burning residue of fire-retardant wood, the peak belonging to hemicellulose near 230°C in the DTG disappeared and there was a gentle shoulder from 210 to 240°C; 4) the temperature of the main peaks of the fire-retardant wood and its burning residue in DTG was 100°C lower than that of the untreated wood and its burning residue. The rate of weight loss also decreased sharply; 5) the residual weight of fire-retardant wood at 600°C clearly increased compared with that of untreated wood. Residual weight of the burning residue increased markedly as the heating temperature increased when burning; 6) there was a considerable difference with respect to the thermal degradation temperature of the no burning sample and the burning residue between fire-retardant wood and untreated wood. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(3): 133–138 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

不炼山造林技术及应用效果

不炼山造林具有防止水土流失、保持土壤肥力、保护生物多样性、保护林区生态环境、减少CO2及烟尘大量排放、预防和减少森林火灾发生等优点,其生态和社会效益均明显高于炼山造林,利大于弊。为了进一步推广应用不炼山造林技术,从科学采伐、林地清理、整地挖穴、树种选择、良种壮苗、混交造林、控草抚育等技术环节总结了应用此项技术的实践经验,并对其推广应用的成效进行了初步评价。     

曲靖市森林火烧防火线技术研究

介绍曲靖市森林防火现状及火烧防火线技术应用概况.阐述森林火烧防火线作业的最佳时期选择、工作程序、人员组织、任务分配、设备配置以及作业程序等.     

供热发展的未来展望

本文分析了燃煤集中供热的优缺点,并对未来城市供热的发展趋势提出了一些独特看法。     

高浓度CO2气调防治谷蠹及杂拟谷盗的研究

将谷蠹Rhyzopertha dominica(Fab.）成虫及杂拟谷盗Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du val卵、幼虫、肾和成虫分别暴露于35％CO2和11％O2，35％CO2和21％O2，75％CO2和11％O2，75％CO2和21％O2四种气调环境中12、24、36、48、60、72、84、96、108、120小时，结果表明谷蠹成虫对四种气调环境都很敏感，其LT50分别为34.6、42.0、18.6、17.8小时。杂拟谷盗成虫较耐35％CO2、11％O2及35％CO2、21％O2气调环境，处理120小时后，成虫死亡率低于12％。卵及幼虫对四种气调环境较为敏感，蛹对35％CO2、11％O2的耐受性比35％CO2、21％O2强，前者LT50为2248.3小时，后者为124.5小时，杂拟谷盗卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫对四种气调环境敏感顺序为：卵＞幼虫＞蛹＞成虫。