嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱的研究进展

嗜卷书虱和嗜虫书虱同属于啮目、书虱科、书虱属,亲缘关系极近,在全世界广泛分布,常混合发生在储藏物中,大量发生时可造成严重的经济危害,在我国,已经上升为“双低(低氧、低药剂)”和“三低(低氧、低药剂、低温)”气调储粮中的害虫优势种群。本文对两书虱的危害性、生物学、生态学特性、生理生化及遗传稳定性、防治及对药剂和气调的抗性等方面的研究概况进行了综述,以期引起人们对该两种微小但危害日益严重的储粮害虫的充分重视。     

System of Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Some ideas are given about using out-clock, CPU and anti-T-net of D/A card for getting to the intelligent control of scanning voltage ,low-filter and hign-filter of STM; logarithm amplifier for tunnelling current contraction. At last, some applications and questions when it running about STM are discussed.     

棉籽制油蒸炒工艺的自动控制与研究

介绍一种棉籽制油自动控制系统以及用于制油工艺中的检测和控制方法。在加工过程中，它可以自动调节给水量和蒸炒温度这两个重要参数，使棉籽饼内的残油率有明显降低，同时节能效果也很显著。     

PREDICTIVE INTELLIGENT CONTROL OF THE COLD STORAGE

The predictive intelligent control scheme is proposed, which is based on approximation theory and numerical method of Chcbyshev orthogonal polynomial. It has the practical value to the cold storge using widely electromagnetic valve and can be also applied similar systems in orther area.     

Genetic Control of Temperature-Sensitivity of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (cms) in Chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.)

In earlier experiments with chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) temperature-sensitive and temperature-insensitive cms plants could be selected. To obtain information about the site and nature of the genetic factor(s) responsible for the temperature sensitivity of the cms, temperature-insensitive and temperauire-sensitive cms plants were crossed with maintainers as well as with one another. In the progenies each genotype was cloned into two clone members, and these were examined concerning their male sterility under normal (20 °C/14 °C, day/night) as well as under constantly high temperatures (24 °C/ 24 °C). The results indicate that the temperature-sensitivity of the cms is controlled by a dominant nuclear gene “T”. This acts like a restorer gene at high temperatures and is ineffective at normal temperatures. Accordingly, important conclusions can be drawn with regard to the selection of temperature-insensitive cms-lines as well as to the propagation of the cmi-lines. The results are discussed in connection with the mitochondrial polypeptides probably responsible for the formation of the cms.     

菜豆枯萎病病原菌鉴定与防治

京郊菜豆枯萎病的致病菌,经作者鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌菜豆专化型(Fusarium oQxysporum f.sp.phaseoli).在防治上,我们采用以抗病品种为主的综合防治措施,经过2年多点试验,防治效果显著(92.50—94.73%),增产明显(31.26—34.09%).     

木(木尞)种子小蜂生活习性及防治研究

在木(木尞)果实子叶开始发育以前,不论先后孵化的幼虫,均不造成为害,幼虫发育极慢,一直处于低龄阶段.子叶一旦发育,幼虫便钻入胚内迅速发育进行为害.成虫产卵末期到木(木尞)果子叶发育前(约20—30天)这段时间是化防的关键时期.化防采用超低量或常量喷撒久效磷,防治效果一般在70.88—88%,个别的达97.8%,无药害.     

Computer simulation of a selection strategy to accommodate genotype environment interactions in a wheat recurrent selection programme

Multi-environment trials (METs) are used in plant breeding programmes to evaluate genotypes (lines/families) as a basis for selection on expected performance (yield and/or quality) in a target population of environments (TPE). When a large component of the genotype environment (G × E) interactions results from crossover interactions, samples of environments in METs that deviate from the TPE provide a suboptimal basis for selection of genotypes on performance expected in the TPE. To adjust for the negative effects of these deviations, a selection strategy that weights the data from the MET according to their expected frequency of occurrence in the TPE (i.e. a weighted selection strategy) was investigated. Computer simulation methodology was used to obtain preliminary information on the weighted selection strategy and compare it to the traditional unweighted selection strategy for a range of MET scenarios and G × E interaction models. The evaluation of the weighted selection strategy was conducted in context with the germplasm enhancement programme (GEP) of the Northern Wheat Improvement Programme in Australia. The results indicated that when the environments sampled in the MET matched those expected in the TPE, the unweighted and weighted selection strategies achieved a similar response to selection in the TPE. However, when the environments sampled in the MET did not match the expectations in the TPE and a large component of the G × E interactions resulted from crossover interactions, the weighted selection strategy achieved a greater response to selection in the TPE. The advantage of the weighted strategy increased as the amount of crossover G × E interaction increased or fewer environments were sampled in the METs.     

Development of an irrigation regime for winter wheat to save water resources by avoiding irrigation at anthesis stage

Latest published information is limited on agronomic responses of winter wheat to irrigation quantity and the necessity of irrigation at the anthesis stage. This study was conducted to (1) evaluate winter wheat yield, water use, assimilate redistribution and economic benefit with respect to water input and (2) quantify relationship between water input and yield to develop a standard for withholding irrigation at anthesis. A 4-year long field experiment was conducted to evaluate winter wheat water use, yield formation pathway and farmers' income under three irrigation regimes: rainfed, irrigation at sowing and jointing (SJ-W) and irrigation at sowing, jointing and anthesis (SJA-W). The yield formation pathway was correlated with the water-induced variation in assimilate redistribution and accumulation. Throughout the experimental period, wheat yield was 19–38% lower in rainfed than that under other irrigation treatments. Moreover, SJ-W treatment substantially increased biomass accumulation at anthesis, accelerated assimilate redistribution in vegetative organs and eventually resulted in a similar wheat yield to that of SJA-W. Simultaneously, the SJ-W treatment had lower irrigation water, reduced additional irrigation cost, suppressed yield loss and obtained a similar farmer's net income to the SJA-W treatment. Water-induced variations in yield were determined by irrigation, rainfall and soil water storage. SJ-W plots receiving 204–331 mm water input (rainfall + irrigation) before anthesis and holding 549–587 mm soil water during anthesis stage achieved higher irrigation water use efficiency and yield relative to the rainfed and SJA-W plots. In contrast, water input under rainfed plots exceeded 200 mm before anthesis, limiting yield substantially even when seasonal soil water consumption exceeded 160 mm. Developing a standard for withholding irrigation at the anthesis stage should incorporate 204–331 mm of water input (rainfall + irrigation) before anthesis and 549–587 mm soil water storage at anthesis, which could achieve a high wheat yield and save water resources.     

葡萄霜霉病研究进展

文章介绍了葡萄霜霉病病害症状及侵染循环过程,归纳了其对卵孢子的形成发育及该病菌侵染后相关分泌蛋白的产生与变化,总结了葡萄霜霉病的致病机理。同时针对目前葡萄霜霉病的防治手段,分别从选育抗性品种、农业物理防治、生物防治、化学防治及综合防治等方面进行梳理与综述,以期为后续的葡萄霜霉病的研究与病害治理提供参考。