细胞因子在奶牛乳房炎生物学防治中的应用

鉴于细胞因子对乳房免疫机能独特有效的操纵和调节,在奶牛乳房炎控制中具有一定独特优势,作者就细胞因子的生物学活性、作用机制和特点进行了综述,并重点对国内外应用奶牛重组细胞因子防治奶牛乳房炎进行了总结、分析,有望为控制奶牛乳房炎提供安全、有效、实用的生物学防治途径。     

Media coverage of lethal control: A case study of kangaroo culling in the Australian Capital Territory

Culling kangaroos, Australia’s most abundant marsupial, is a controversial practice in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The ACT government introduced a kangaroo management plan in response to the growing kangaroo population causing damage in grassland ecosystems. Although some groups (e.g., local government, some researchers) support implementation of this plan, critics claim it is inhumane and lacks concrete evidence. To examine media portrayal of this debate, this study conducted a content analysis of newspaper coverage between 2006 and 2016. Although ACT newspapers were impartial in their presentation of the debate, sources that previous studies found were typically considered trustworthy to speak on the scientific validity of the program were found to have conflicting messages and be less represented in the media. Thus, future research should explore if the messenger is more important than the message in determining influences on public perceptions about the use of lethal control.     

饲料安全隐患及对策

饲料安全与食品安全密切相关.近年来,由饲料安全问题引发的食品安全事件屡见报道.笔者就影响饲料安全的主要问题进行了剖析,并提出改进措施.     

草地生态系统的保护及治理对策

草地生态系统是以各种多年生草本占优势的生物群落与其环境构成的功能综合体,它是人类生存和发展的物质基础,也是人类可持续发展的重要前提.但是,由于人们不合理的利用草地,全世界的草地退化越来越严重,草地的退化不仅给生态环境造成了难以承受的压力,而且从健康、生存环境、生活质量方面给人类造成了严重的影响.笔者分析了草地生态系统的现状,并提出了草地生态系统的合理利用和保护方法及治理对策.     

Strategies,Effectiveness and Rationale of Vector-borne Disease Control in the Pastoralist System of South-western Uganda

In Uganda, control of vector-borne diseases is mainly in form of vector control, and chemotherapy. There have been reports that acaricides are being misused in the pastoralist systems in Uganda. This is because of the belief by scientists that intensive application of acaricide is uneconomical and unsustainable particularly in the indigenous cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the strategies, rationale and effectiveness of vector-borne disease control by pastoralists. To systematically carry out these investigations, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used, in both the collection and the analysis of data. Cattle keepers were found to control tick-borne diseases (TBDs) mainly through spraying, in contrast with the control of trypanosomosis for which the main method of control was by chemotherapy. The majority of herders applied acaricides weekly and used an acaricide of lower strength than recommended by the manufacturers. They used very little acaricide wash, and spraying was preferred to dipping. Furthermore, pastoralists either treated sick animals themselves or did nothing at all, rather than using veterinary personnel. Oxytetracycline (OTC) was the drug commonly used in the treatment of TBDs. Nevertheless, although pastoralists may not have been following recommended practices in their control of ticks and tick-borne diseases, they were neither wasteful nor uneconomical and their methods appeared to be effective. Trypanosomosis was not a problem either in Sembabule or Mbarara district. Those who used trypanocides were found to use more drugs than were necessary.     

公共危机中企业社会责任实践创新——基于新冠疫情下蒙牛供应链扶贫的案例研究

新冠疫情使我国各行业皆受到不同程度的影响。在疫情背景下,内蒙古蒙牛乳业（集团）股份有限公司（简称“蒙牛”）作为乳业龙头企业,在履行社会责任过程中不仅维持行业稳定,更实现企业自身发展。本文基于品牌效应与交易成本理论,对疫情下蒙牛供应链扶贫案例进行研究。研究发现,公共危机下,龙头企业社会责任实践创新,对社会及行业稳定意义重大;供应链扶贫依托合理的内部作用机制可以实现企业、相关参与方、被帮扶方与消费者的共赢。     

甘肃陇西黄芩灰霉病病原菌分离鉴定及田间药剂防治

为探明黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)茎基部和根部灰霉病的病原菌,本文于2019—2021年春季对甘肃陇西县采集的黄芩病样进行病原菌的分离培养,运用形态学和内转录间隔区(Internal transcribed spacer, ITS)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,G3PDH)、热激蛋白60(Heat shock protein 60,HSP60)和RNA聚合酶亚基II(The second largest subunit of the nuclear RNA polymerase enzyme II,RPB2)多基因方法鉴定,采用菌丝生长抑制法进行药剂室内毒力测定和田间药剂防治试验。结果表明：引起黄芩灰霉病的病原菌为灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea),春季发病时表现为地上部分枯死不发芽,靠近地表的根表面呈暗绿色水渍状,随后地下根木质部变软呈黄褐色腐烂,病健交界明显;室内毒力测定表明,97%咯菌腈对灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌作用最强,EC₅₀为0.01...     

实时光电微生物检测技术在乳品质控中的应用

对酸奶中的霉菌酵母菌同时采用实时光电微生物检测系统与国标法进行检测,分析比较两种检测方法所得的检测数据.本实验利用实时光电微生物检测系统的霉菌酵母检测试剂瓶对市售酸奶及阳性添加样品采用半定量的检测方法进行快速检测,能快速地检测到目标菌存在,继而给系统提前预警.结果表明,当霉菌酵母菌含量在10～3.5×105CFU/mL时,实时光电微生物检测方法在1.8～33h内预警.当平板计数法的检测结果小于10CFU/mL时,实时光电微生物检测方法的检测时间均大于33h,在仪器设置运行48h内未出现预警现象.实时光电微生物检测技术与国标平板法两种检测方法的检测结果相当吻合.应用实时光电微生物检测技术能快速便捷,对酸奶产品中霉菌酵母菌进行监测,其检测速度和灵敏度均能满足工厂实验室的快速筛选检测,还利于产品的关键控制点的监测.     

实验室内部质量控制方式及结果评价

对使用标准物质或控制样品、使用相同或不同方法进行重复检测,留样再测,使用添加回收率,分析一个物品不同特性结果的相关性等实验室内部质量控制方法及结果评价进行了具体的探讨。为规范实验室内部质量控制方式与结果评价提供参考。