13种常用农药和玫烟色棒束孢SCAU-IFCF01的相容性研究

为了研究常用农药和生防真菌玫烟色棒束孢Isaria fumosorosea之间的相容性,本文测定了13种常用农药对玫烟色棒束孢孢子萌发、菌丝生长及产孢量的影响。试验结果表明,杀虫剂与玫烟色棒束孢的相容性优于杀菌剂。其中,高效氯氰菊酯与玫烟色棒束孢相容性最好,在常规浓度下,对玫烟色棒束孢孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制率分别只有2.42%和1.62%,对产孢基本无抑制作用,苏云金芽胞杆菌和氯氰菊酯与玫烟色棒束孢也有较好的相容性,二者在常规使用浓度下对孢子萌发、菌丝生长、产孢量的抑制率分别为6.05%、2.83%、22.41%和16.3%、7.81%、16.67%。高效氯氟氰菊酯、氟啶脲、丙溴磷与玫烟色棒束孢有一定的相容性。丙环唑、百菌清、戊唑醇、木霉菌、阿维菌素、甲维盐与玫烟色棒束孢的相容性则相对较差。     

利用系谱分析探讨水稻广亲和性的遗传

 就水稻恢复系T984及其7个系谱亲本C57、京引35、300号、 科情3号、IR26、IR24和IR8的亲和性进行了测定分析。结果表明受测的7个系谱亲本均不具有广亲和性，而T984却具有广亲和性，其与南京11、秋光和早沙粳测交F1的结实率分别为72.84%、74.42%和67.24%。从而证实了非广亲和性的籼粳亚种间杂种后代也可产生广亲和的品种．     

贵州人工杉木相容性立木材积和地上生物量方程的建立

在国家级森林资源监测中增加森林生物量估计已成为必然趋势,而所需建立的生物量方程应该考虑与立木材积方程的相容性。本文以贵州省人工杉木立木材积和地上生物量数据为例,通过利用度量误差模型方法,研究建立了相容的立木材积方程、地上生物量方程及生物量转换函数。结果表明：在胸径基础上再增加树高因子,对立木材积方程的估计效果有明显改进...     

化学杀虫剂和莱氏野村菌的生物相容性研究

[目的]研究10种化学杀虫剂和莱氏野村菌Nomuraea rileyi的相容性。[方法]用营养液萌发法测定了10种常用化学杀虫剂与莱氏野村菌Nomuraea rileyi分生孢子的生物相容性,以24、48和72 h的孢子萌发率作为指标,供试杀虫剂常用浓度及其10倍和100倍稀释液对活孢率的影响。[结果]莱氏野村菌分生孢子在阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯和灭扫利常规使用浓度以及10倍和100倍稀释液中的萌发率均在85%以上,有较好的相容性。[结论]在供试的10种化学杀虫剂中阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯和灭扫利与该菌的相容性相对较好,其他6种化学杀虫剂较差。     

Vegetative compatibility of cotton-defoliating <Emphasis Type="Italic">Verticillium dahliae</Emphasis> in Israel and its pathogenicity to various crop plants

Verticillium dahliae isolates recovered from a new focus of severe Verticillium wilt of cotton in the northeast of Israel were tested for vegetative compatibility using nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants and identified as VCG1, which is a new record in Israel. Other cotton isolates of V. dahliae from the northern and southern parts of the country were assigned to VCG2B and VCG4B, respectively. VCG1 isolates induced severe leaf symptoms, stunting and defoliation of cotton cv. Acala SJ-2, and thus were characterized as the cotton-defoliating (D) pathotype, whereas isolates of VCG2B and VCG4B were confirmed as the earlier described defoliating-like (DL) and non-defoliating (ND) pathotypes, respectively. This is the first record of the D-pathotype in Israel. The host range of representative isolates of each VCG-associated pathotype was investigated using a number of cultivated plants. Overall, the D isolates were more virulent than DL isolates on all tested host plants, but the order of hosts (from highly susceptible to resistant) was the same: okra (Hibiscus esculentus local cultivar), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Acala SJ2), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus cv. Crimson Sweet), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius cv. PI 251264), sunflower (Helianthus annuum cv. 2053), eggplant (Solanum melongena cv. Black Beauty), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Rehovot 13). The pattern of virulence of ND isolates differed from that of D and DL isolates, so that the former were highly virulent on eggplant but mildly virulent on cotton. Tomato was resistant to all cotton V. dahliae isolates tested. RAPD and specific PCR assays confirmed that the D isolates from Israel were similar to those originating from other countries.     

华东地区农业现代化水平的综合评价

首先,在正确理解农业现代化内涵和本质的基础上,遵循系统性、综合性、代表性、合理性和可比性的原则,根据华东地区实际和有关文献,依据《中国统计年鉴2008》相关数据,结合我国华东地区六省一市的社会发展实际,选取12个指标构建华东地区农业现代化评价指标体系。其次,按照现代科学决策规则,提出3个备选方案对比分析,并运用兼容度极大化法生成优化方案。结果表明,华东地区农业现代化水平可依次分为3类,第1类为上海,第2类为浙江、江苏、福建、山东,第3类为江西、安徽。评价结果符合华东地区农业发展实际。最后,由于华东地区在资金投入、农村人口教育、农业科技研发、农民培训教育、社会组织结构等方面仍存在不足,提出优化投资结构、加大科技的支持力度、完善＂以工促农,以城带乡＂机制的对策建议,以期加快华东地区农业现代化发展。     

A molecular diagnostic for tropical race 4 of the banana fusarium wilt pathogen

This study analysed genomic variation of the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF‐1α) and the intergenic spacer region (IGS) of the nuclear ribosomal operon of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) isolates, from different banana production areas, representing strains within the known races, comprising 20 vegetative compatibility groups (VCG). Based on two single nucleotide polymorphisms present in the IGS region, a PCR‐based diagnostic tool was developed to specifically detect isolates from VCG 01213, also called tropical race 4 (TR4), which is currently a major concern in global banana production. Validation involved TR4 isolates, as well as Foc isolates from 19 other VCGs, other fungal plant pathogens and DNA samples from infected tissues of the Cavendish banana cultivar Grand Naine (AAA). Subsequently, a multiplex PCR was developed for fungal or plant samples that also discriminated Musa acuminata and M. balbisiana genotypes. It was concluded that this diagnostic procedure is currently the best option for the rapid and reliable detection and monitoring of TR4 to support eradication and quarantine strategies.     

Multigene phylogeny and mating tests reveal three cryptic species related to Calonectria pauciramosa

Calonectria pauciramosa is a pathogen of numerous plant hosts worldwide. Recent studies have indicated that it included cryptic species, some of which are identified in this study. Isolates from various geographical origins were collected and compared based on morphology, DNA sequence data of the β-tubulin, histone H3 and translation elongation factor-1α regions and mating compatibility. Comparisons of the DNA sequence data and mating compatibility revealed three new species. These included Ca. colombiana sp. nov. from Colombia, Ca. polizzii sp. nov. from Italy and Ca. zuluensis sp. nov. from South Africa, all of which had distinguishing morphological features. Based on DNA sequence data, Ca. brasiliensis is also elevated to species level.Taxonomic novelties: Calonectria brasiliensis (Bat. & Cif.) L. Lombard, M.J. Wingf. & Crous, comb. nov., Calonectria colombiana L. Lombard, Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov., Calonectria polizzii L. Lombard, Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov., Calonectria zuluensis L. Lombard, Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov.     

水溶性聚磷酸铵对木塑复合材料性能的影响

为了分析聚磷酸铵在热压过程中提高木塑复合材料性能的原理,利用Coats-Redfern方法计算了经阻燃处理的木纤维在热压温度范围内(170～190℃)的表观活化能,利用红外光谱对阻燃和未处理木纤维热压后特征官能团的变化进行了比较,并制备无胶纤维板和木塑胶合板进行性能评价和验证。结果表明:1)阻燃木纤维的表观活化能比未处理木纤维的低;2)热压后,阻燃木纤维中羰基、甲基、醚键等基团都有量的变化;3)阻燃无胶纤维板有较高的抗弯强度;4)阻燃木塑胶合板有较高的干状胶合强度。可见,聚磷酸铵的加入提高了热压过程中木纤维的表面活性,改善了木塑界面的相容性,宏观表现为提高了木塑复合材料的物理力学性能。