羊口疮病毒疫苗株与野毒株VIL-10基因的比较分析

试验旨在比较分析羊口疮病毒（orf virus,ORFV）VIL-10基因在疫苗株和野毒株之间的差异特征。参照GenBank中公布的ORFV NZ2株的VIL-10基因序列设计并合成1对特异性引物,分别以疫苗株和野毒株提取的基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR方法扩增ORFV的VIL-10基因全序列并进行测序,应用生物信息学相关软件分析基因的核苷酸、氨基酸变异情况及蛋白结构。结果显示,本试验测定的疫苗株和野毒株VIL-10基因核苷酸序列同源性为94.4%,差异主要是单个碱基的突变,其中疫苗株在132~134 bp核苷酸序列出现缺失;氨基酸序列同源性为92.5%,出现了15个氨基酸位点的突变,其中疫苗株第42位氨基酸天冬酰胺出现缺失;蛋白质在一级结构及理化性质、二级结构、三级结构、抗原表位参数及有无信号肽之间均存在一定程度的差异,而疫苗株和野毒株编码的蛋白质均无跨膜结构域。系统进化树分析结果表明,本试验测定的野毒株与疫苗株属于不同分支,遗传关系较远。研究结果提示,野毒株与疫苗株的VIL-10基因发生较明显的变异,这些变异可能与ORFV疫苗株的毒力致弱有关。     

Comparative genome mapping of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench using an RFLP map constructed in a population of recombinant inbred lines

A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) linkage map of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench was constructed in a population of 137 F_6-8 recombinant inbred lines using sorghum, maize, oat, barley and rice DNA clones. The map consists of 10 linkage groups (LGs) and 323 markers, 247 of which (76.5%) were ordered at a LOD score ≥ 3.0. The LGs comprise from 61 (LG A) to 13 markers (J), which range in length from 205 (A) to 55 cM (J) and have a combined total length of 1347 cM. Highly significant distorted segregation was detected at all of the 38 loci in a 103-cM segment of LG A, the allelic ratios in the segment ranging from approximately 3:1 (one end) to 19:1 (middle) to 2:1 (other end). Duplicated loci located in different LGs have been mapped with 55 of the 295 DNA probes used in the study (18.6%). The distribution of these loci does not provide support for the hypothesis that Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is of tetraploid origin. Comparison of the map with RFLP maps of maize, rice, and oat produced evidence for sorghum-maize LG rearrangements and homoeologies not reported previously, including evidence that: (1) a segment of maize 5L and a segment of 5S may be homoeologous to sorghum LGA; (2) maize LGs 4 and 6 are partly homoeologous to sorghum LGE; (3) the short arm of maize LG 2 is partly homoeologous to sorghum LGF; (4) maize LG 4 may be partly homoeologous to sorghum LG G; (5) maize LG 5 and sorghum LG G contain a larger amount of homoeologous genetic material than previously indicated; and (6) a short segment of maize LG 1 may be homoeologous to a short segment of sorghum LG I.     

Comparative genetic mapping of loci affecting plant height and development in cereals

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping data for genes determining dwarfness (GA insensitive and GA sensitive), vernalisation response and photoperiodic response in wheat, rye and barley were compared and their homoeologous relationships discussed. The GA insensitive Rht genes of wheat are not related to the GA insensitive dwarfing genes of rye or barley; however, homoeology is present for two members of the GA sensitive dwarfing genes of wheat (Rht12) and rye (Ddw1), located on the translocated segments of the long arms of chromosomes 5A and 5R, respectively. The comparative mapping of the Triticeae group 5 vernalisation response genes of wheat, rye and barley, and the group 2 photoperiodic response genes of wheat and barley, show that both gene families are located in homoeologous regions of the particular chromosomes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

广东对虾产业竞争力分析

经过30多年的发展,广东已经成为中国最大的对虾生产和出口地区。广东既具有对虾生产和出口方面的绝对优势,又具有资源和竞争力等方面的相对比较优势。面对国内外同业的竞争,增加高附加值产品、促进出口市场多元化是增强广东对虾竞争优势的关键。     

Comparative genome analysis reveals a distinct influence of nucleotide composition on virus–host species‐specific interaction of prawn‐infecting nodavirus

Discovery of species‐specific interaction between the host and virus has drawn the interest of many researchers to study the evolution of the newly emerged virus. Comparative genome analysis provides insights of the virus functional genome evolution and the underlying mechanisms of virus–host interactions. The analysis of nucleotide composition signified the evolution of nodavirus towards host specialization in a host‐specific mutation manner. GC‐rich genome of betanodavirus was significantly deficient in UpA and UpU dinucleotides composition, whilst the AU‐rich genome of gammanodavirus was deficient in CpG dinucleotide. The capsid of MrNV and PvNV of gammanodavirus retains the highest abundance of adenine and uracil at the second codon position, respectively, which were found to be very distinctive from the other genera. ENC‐GC3 plot inferred the influence of natural selection and mutational pressure in shaping the evolution of MrNV RdRp and capsid, respectively. Furthermore, CAI/eCAI analysis predicts a comparable adaptability of MrNV in squid, Sepia officinalis than its natural host, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Thus, further study is warranted to investigate the capacity of MrNV replication in S. officinalis owing to its high codon adaptation index.     

河南省花生生产区域变化分析

通过分析近30年河南省花生生产区域性变化,揭示花生生产格局演变规律,为花生产业发展提供指导,促进全省花生生产的区域化、规模化、标准化、产业化发展。利用1990—2018年河南省统计数据,采用生产重心、产地集中度、效率比较优势指数、规模比较优势指数及综合比较优势指数等指标,分析河南省花生生产区域变化及影响因素。随新品种、新技术的应用及机械化程度的提高,花生生产由最初的集中走向分散,且生产重心向西南方向移动。豫中、豫东等传统花生产区在花生主产地市中的地位逐渐下降,而豫南地区在河南省花生生产中重要性越来越大,该地区拥有较高的生产集中度和较强的效率比较优势、规模比较优势及综合比较优势,已成为河南省花生生产优势区域,且优势在逐步增强。科技支撑和政策引导推动了各区域花生的生产,且导致各市发展差异化显著。例如豫南地区优势逐步增强,豫西地区小幅发展,而豫东和豫中的优势逐步减弱。     

A comparative molecular field analysis study of obtusifoliol 14α-methyl demethylase inhibitors

This report describes the development of a Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) model from a set of obtusifoliol 14α-methyl demethylase (DM) inhibitors to aid in the design of herbicides targeting sterol biosynthesis. CoMFA is a three-dimensional (3-D) quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) method that is useful in the probing of receptor binding sites when experimental structure data are unavailable. Conformational analysis and SAR of some rigid and active analogs were used to build the initial model using the active analog hypothesis. The model was subsequently used to design compounds that retain the active site shape requirements, but incorporate physical properties that favor soil-applied herbicidal action. In addition, a second-generation CoMFA model incorporating the newly designed inhibitors was developed and represents the current understanding of the DM binding site. This model was derived from a pharmacophore developed from two methods, the active analog approach as well as from the Catalyst program. The fact that two independent methods produced a similar pharmacophore strengthens the validity of the model. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于比较优势理论的海南省热带水果比较优势实证分析

为优化海南省热带水果区域布局,发挥热带水果比较优势,提升热带水果产业竞争力,利用2006—2015年的相关数据,采取综合比较优势指数模型,测算了海南省18个市县5种热带水果的区域比较优势指数。结果表明,针对各地区不同气候、土壤、资源条件,主要热带水果在不同县域比较优势不尽相同,不同县域所具有的优势水果种类也存在差异,多数县域只有一种强比较优势水果。利用比较优势原则合理配置各地区资源,在芒果、香蕉、荔枝、菠萝、龙眼种植的优势区域,继续做大做强优势品种,扶持弱优势区域品种提质增效升级,结合一二三产业融合发展,促进海南区域性特色优势水果产业发展。     

基于比较基因组学分析苏云金芽胞杆菌防治蛴螬的相关功能基因

为挖掘对地下害虫蛴螬高效的苏云金芽胞杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt）菌株在杀虫及环境适应方面的关键功能基因,本研究对蛴螬高效的菌株261-1、Fcd114、1126-1、HBF-18和78-2以及对鳞翅目害虫高效菌株WBt-2、G03进行了基因组测序,并与对鳞翅目害虫高效菌株HD1、HD12、HD73和对蛴螬高毒力菌株Bt185等基因组进行了比较分析,重点分析比较了杀虫基因、多糖代谢相关基因、与其他微生物竞争和适应性相关的酰基高丝氨酸内酯水解酶（N-Acylhomoserine lactones hydrolase,aiiA）、突破和克服靶标昆虫免疫系统的免疫抑制因子A（Immune Inhibitor A,InhA）、具有抗病并能增效杀虫的双效菌素（Zwittermicin A,ZwA）等五大类基因和基因簇。研究发现,这些菌株按照其所含有的杀虫基因特异性可分为3个类型：对鳞翅目害虫有效的菌株（类型1）、对鞘翅目害虫有效的菌株（类型2）以及同时含有两种害虫有效基因的菌株（类型3）。对地下害虫蛴螬特异（类型2）的Bt菌株除了在杀虫基因上具有特异性之外,所含有的aiiA、InhA基因也有显著特点。相关研究为进一步对地下害虫蛴螬高效Bt菌株的改良提供了新思路。