广东对虾产业竞争力分析

经过30多年的发展,广东已经成为中国最大的对虾生产和出口地区。广东既具有对虾生产和出口方面的绝对优势,又具有资源和竞争力等方面的相对比较优势。面对国内外同业的竞争,增加高附加值产品、促进出口市场多元化是增强广东对虾竞争优势的关键。     

Comparative genome analysis reveals a distinct influence of nucleotide composition on virus–host species‐specific interaction of prawn‐infecting nodavirus

Discovery of species‐specific interaction between the host and virus has drawn the interest of many researchers to study the evolution of the newly emerged virus. Comparative genome analysis provides insights of the virus functional genome evolution and the underlying mechanisms of virus–host interactions. The analysis of nucleotide composition signified the evolution of nodavirus towards host specialization in a host‐specific mutation manner. GC‐rich genome of betanodavirus was significantly deficient in UpA and UpU dinucleotides composition, whilst the AU‐rich genome of gammanodavirus was deficient in CpG dinucleotide. The capsid of MrNV and PvNV of gammanodavirus retains the highest abundance of adenine and uracil at the second codon position, respectively, which were found to be very distinctive from the other genera. ENC‐GC3 plot inferred the influence of natural selection and mutational pressure in shaping the evolution of MrNV RdRp and capsid, respectively. Furthermore, CAI/eCAI analysis predicts a comparable adaptability of MrNV in squid, Sepia officinalis than its natural host, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Thus, further study is warranted to investigate the capacity of MrNV replication in S. officinalis owing to its high codon adaptation index.     

河南省花生生产区域变化分析

通过分析近30年河南省花生生产区域性变化,揭示花生生产格局演变规律,为花生产业发展提供指导,促进全省花生生产的区域化、规模化、标准化、产业化发展。利用1990—2018年河南省统计数据,采用生产重心、产地集中度、效率比较优势指数、规模比较优势指数及综合比较优势指数等指标,分析河南省花生生产区域变化及影响因素。随新品种、新技术的应用及机械化程度的提高,花生生产由最初的集中走向分散,且生产重心向西南方向移动。豫中、豫东等传统花生产区在花生主产地市中的地位逐渐下降,而豫南地区在河南省花生生产中重要性越来越大,该地区拥有较高的生产集中度和较强的效率比较优势、规模比较优势及综合比较优势,已成为河南省花生生产优势区域,且优势在逐步增强。科技支撑和政策引导推动了各区域花生的生产,且导致各市发展差异化显著。例如豫南地区优势逐步增强,豫西地区小幅发展,而豫东和豫中的优势逐步减弱。     

A comparative molecular field analysis study of obtusifoliol 14α-methyl demethylase inhibitors

This report describes the development of a Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) model from a set of obtusifoliol 14α-methyl demethylase (DM) inhibitors to aid in the design of herbicides targeting sterol biosynthesis. CoMFA is a three-dimensional (3-D) quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) method that is useful in the probing of receptor binding sites when experimental structure data are unavailable. Conformational analysis and SAR of some rigid and active analogs were used to build the initial model using the active analog hypothesis. The model was subsequently used to design compounds that retain the active site shape requirements, but incorporate physical properties that favor soil-applied herbicidal action. In addition, a second-generation CoMFA model incorporating the newly designed inhibitors was developed and represents the current understanding of the DM binding site. This model was derived from a pharmacophore developed from two methods, the active analog approach as well as from the Catalyst program. The fact that two independent methods produced a similar pharmacophore strengthens the validity of the model. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

“一带一路”对接欧盟背景下中国木质家具出口法国贸易波动分析

“一带一路”倡议提出至今,积极作用日益显著,欧盟越来越重视与“一带一路”倡议的对接关系。法国作为欧盟的核心国之一,目前正积极开展与中国在“一带一路”框架下的经济合作。文中以2009年金融危机结束和2014年欧盟开始对接“一带一路”为时间节点,将2001年中国加入WTO至2016年这一段时间分为3个阶段,应用恒定市场份额模型和显性比较优势指数对中国木质家具出口法国贸易波动进行分析,发现影响中国木质家具出口的主要因素是竞争力,并且中国木质家具出口法国具有显性比较优势;根据实证结果,针对如何在“一带一路”与欧盟对接这一背景下更好地与法国开展木质家具贸易提出可行建议。     

香菇(花菇)菌株比较试验初报

1997年开始搜集了各地 2 0多个中、低温菌株 ,并进行各菌株区域栽培试验 .结果表明 ,980 3菌株具有优质高产、抗逆性强、适应性广和花菇率高等特点 ,可大面积推广 ,替代寿宁县退化的香菇 (花菇 )主栽种 135菌株     

Effect of Different Treatment on Anther Callus Formation and Browning in Balsam Pear （Mornordica charantia L.）

Brown callus derived from anther limited the application of anther culture in balsam pear. In order to establish a more perfect regeneration system from anther cultuer, the effects of low temperature pretreatment, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）, vitamin C （Vc） and silver nitrate （AgNO3） on callus induction and browning in anther culture of balsam pear （Momordiea charantia L.） were investigated. The results showed that after pretreatment at 4 ℃ for 1 day, callus induction rate was the highest and browning rate was the lowest. Anthers on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L formed more and better callus. The medium supplemented with Vc or AgNO3 was advantageous to the induction of callus and reduction of browning. When cultured on medium supplemented with 50 mg/L Vc or 5 mg/L AgNO3, callus induction rate was the highest and browning rate was rather low.     

重庆市不同规模灌区农灌水有效利用系数测算与对比研究

通过对重庆市不同规模灌区农田灌溉用水有效利用系数计算结果的比较研究,对出现的中型灌区农田灌溉用水有效利用系数大于小型灌区的结果进行合理性分析,并为重庆市农田灌溉用水有效利用系数的进一步提高,提出相关建议,为政府相关部门的科学决策提供参考.综合考虑重庆的地形、气候、土壤等因素.根据选定灌区的实测数据,采用首尾测算法计算2017年重庆市不同规模灌溉农田灌溉水的有效利用系数,采用单因素和主成分分析法,分析影响农田灌溉水有效灌溉系数的主要因素. 1)通过测算, 2017年重庆市中型灌区农田灌溉水有效利用系数为0.499,小型灌区为0.487,推算全市为0.495; 2)在影响农田灌溉水有效利用系数的主要因素中,当地的节水工程和管理状况所占的比例大于自然因素; 3)中型灌区在节水工程的投资、管理和维护等方面均优于小型灌区; 4)自然因素中,降水量对农田灌溉水有效利用系数具有一定的负面影响.     

植物病原丝状真菌寄生性与RGS蛋白的关系研究

以49个全基因组序列已经公布的真菌为研究对象,通过OrthoVenn2同源基因簇比对、BLASTp比对和关键词搜索3种方法对G蛋白信号调控因子（regulators of G-protein signaling,RGS）同源基因进行比对分析,并结合SMART进行保守结构域分析,结果发现,49个真菌中共有229个RGS蛋白,每种真菌中所含有RGS蛋白的数量范围为3~9个,且死体营养型病原菌和半活体营养型病原菌的RGS蛋白数量高于活体营养型病原菌;根据RGS蛋白中保守结构域进行分类,可以划分为DEP-RGS、RGS-TM、PXA-RGS-PX、RGS、RGS-PAS-PAC、TM-RGS等6种,其中,具有RGS-PAS-PAC和TM-RGS这2种特殊保守结构域的RGS蛋白主要集中在半活体营养型病原菌和死体营养型病原菌;进一步对229个RGS蛋白进行遗传关系分析,发现具有同种保守结构域的RGS蛋白亲缘关系较近。上述研究结果表明植物病原丝状真菌的寄生性与RGS蛋白数量和种类之间存在着一定的关联性。     

新疆农业高效节水工程资产运行管理模式比较分析

新疆农业高效节水工程项目资产运行管理模式是在新疆节水灌溉工程大规模建设过程中逐渐形成的,在对新疆农业高效节水工程项目资产管理模式归纳总结的基础上,对各种模式优缺点采用定性分析的方法进行了比较,分析了存在的问题,对进一步提高节水工程项目资产管理水平提出了一些建议。