祁连山东段天然草地植物群落稳定性分析

利用法国生态学专家M .Godron提出的方法 ,对祁连山东段天然草地植物群落做了稳定性测定 ,其结果表明 :在测定的 5个草地型中 ,种的百分数与累积相对频度两线相交点分别为 41 5 9、39 61、44 5 6、43 5 7和 43 5 7,与稳定点 2 0 80均不趋于接近。证明祁连山东段天然草地由于放牧过重而导致放牧演替 ,造成植物群落极不稳定。今后应加强保护措施 ,使其逐步向进展演替方向发展     

Einfluß der Erosion auf die Standortproduktivität im Silomaisanbau

Influence of erosion on productivity of maize ( Zea mays L.) cultivation
Accelerated erosion was monitored in Eastern Schleswig-Holstein (F.R.G.) during the last decades. The objective of this study was to compare agricultural productivity of upper, middle and base slope segments to the respective soil parameters, reflecting results of long-term erosion.
Five soil catenas were surveyed. Each catena was divided into three segments representing an eroded area (upper segment), an area with an equilibrium between erosion, accumulation and soil development (middle segment) and an area with accumulation (base slope segment).
In 1986 soil qualities, growth characters and yield components of maize were analysed for each slope segment. At eroded slope segments vegetation cover and yield were significantly lower than at middle and base slope segments. Middle slope segments (equilibrium between erosion, accumulation and soil development) snowed balanced soil quality parameters and high maize yields with a desired combination of yield components.     

东北草原八种群落类型的现状及土壤环境的初步研究

通过对东北羊草草原 8种群落类型的地上植被 ,土壤理化因素 ,土壤微生物的初步调查 ,取得的数据用模糊分析的方法进行比较研究 ,结果表明 :虎尾草群落类型和杂草群落类型与羊草群落最相似 ,碱茅群落类型和碱蓬群落类型的相似程度最小 ,隐子草群落类型 ,拂子茅群落类型和芦苇群落类型的相似程度居中。在未来的群落演替过程中 ,虎尾草群落类型和杂草群落类型最先演替为羊草群落     

红壤稻田养地体系的研究Ⅰ．有机、无机肥结合对红壤稻田生产效率的影响及其养地效果

多点定位田间试验表明．在福建中低产红壤稻田中混合施用有机和无机肥料，可使水稻生产效率在短期内得到稳定增长（３０％－９２％）．经统计分析比较，水稻生产效率与有机无机总养分（或总氮）投入量呈极显著相关；有机无机肥结合的优点主要表现在土壤生产力的稳定积累和元素生产效率的提高．参试的４大有机给源配合半量化肥的作用近于等效，但在试验期限内（１－３ａ），稻谷产量无额外的互作效应，而绿肥鲜体在增产养地配合效应上具有明显的优势．     

陆地棉种内杂种F_2不同叶型生产力的研究

研究了3个正常叶型材料与鸡脚叶型材料杂交得到的杂种2代结果表明,选用适当亲本组配的杂交组合,不仅F_1能获得高产,F_2也有一定利用价值,其中尤以鄂棉15×鸡-2最好。对几个农艺性状与产量的相关分析表明,在条裂叶型、正常叶型材料中,果枝数、果节数与皮棉产量达显著正相关,条裂叶型F_2的纤维长度高于正常叶型。以合理正常叶植株与条裂叶植株的比例和适当的栽培措施改善农艺性状,便能提高F_2的产量和纤维品质。     

Physiological Performance of Wheat (Triticum aestivum dwarf.) Under Irrigated Situation

The objective was to study the behaviour of 20 dwarf wheats in a field trial under irrigated situation and also to suggest parameters or group of parameters conducive to high yield. Considerable variability existed in respect of tillering and earing, LAI, net photosynthetic rate, total dry matter production rate (TDMPR), harvest index, number of grains per main and subsidiary ears and grain size (1000 grain weight). Number of grains per main and subsidiary ears, total grains per plant, rate of net photosynthesis, leaf area and harvest index as well as total dry matter production rates were found to be positively correlated with grain yield and as such contributed maximum towards grain yield.
Thus, in general, it may be concluded that there should be minimum reduction in grain numbers between the main ear and the subsidiary ears, for this seems to be the one of causes of reduction in grain yield. Besides, there ought to be high ratio between net photosynthetic rate and dark respiration because large amount of dry matter is otherwise lost through respiration and many not be available for grains. High harvest index and high biological yield are also desirable characters which may be combined to obtain higher yields in wheats.     

松嫩平原南部羊草草地水分生态环境分析

根据1985～1989年的试验,对松嫩平原南部天然羊草(Aneurolepidium chinense)草地的水分生态环境进行了分析。研究表明:松嫩平原南部羊草草地年水分收支基本相等,但收与支的时间格局不一致,6月明显干旱,7月末地表暂时性积水;土壤含水率在生长季初期(4月)最高,雨季来临前(6月)最低;空气相对湿度在整个生长季中均较低,生长季初期尤为明显;人类对草地的过度利用已对水分生态环境造成严重的不良影响。生长季前期干旱抑制植物同化器官的充分生长和发育,使其不能有效利用雨季的大量降水;空气干旱降低植物的 CO_2同化量,二者都制约草地生产力的提高。本文还从治标和治本两个角度探讨了改善松嫩羊草草地的水分生态环境,提高生产力的途径。     

松嫩草原区农牧林复合系统大型土壤动物生态学研究

对松嫩草原区农牧林复合系统大型土壤动物群落的组成、空间分布、时间变化，以及与环境要素的相关关系进行了探讨。共获得大型土壤动物43类、1234只，优势类群是蚁科(Formicidae)和金龟子科(Scarabaeidae)幼虫，常见类群14类，稀有类群27类。水平分布表现出明显的不均一性，垂直分布类群数上均匀递减，个体数上表聚性明显。夏季类群数和个体数都明显多于秋季。地温对大型土壤动物影响最明显，其次是气温和降水。     

发展我国奶牛以应人民营养的需要

随着我国人民生活水平的提高,膳食结构必将发生改变,动物性食品包括牛奶及其加工品的生产与消费也将与日俱增。当前我国奶牛业主要表现在产奶量方面,但面临着供不应求与价格问题,甚至出现宰奶牛供肉用的危机。但国外则呈现不同的发展情况。因事关人民营养和农牧业配合的经济开发,对这些问题近年笔者曾著文有所论及。今再根据最近几年国内外的资料与实况了解,侧重于国外乳业生产与供销等问题作一论述。