Non-timber forest products and household incomes in Bonga forest area,southwestern Ethiopia

We identified the major non-timber forest products （NTFPs）, their contributions to household incomes, and the determinants influenc-ing engagement of households in using NTFPs in the Bonga forest area of Gimbo and Decha Districts of Kaffa Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Six Kebeles （the lowest administrative unit in Ethiopia） were sampled from two Districts and 150 households were randomly sampled using propor-tional-to-size techniques based on the number of farm households in each Kebele. Secondary data were collected from and focus group discussions were conducted with selected individuals. The farmers diversified liveli-hood activities such as crop and livestock production, collection of NTFPs and off-farm activities. NTFPs played a significant role in household incomes. The contribution from the major NTFPs （forest coffee, honey and spices） accounted for 47% of annual household in-come. The role of NTFPs was influenced by a number of factors. Vari-ables including being native to the area （＋）, total land holding （＋）, pos-session of livestock （＋） and access to extension （＋） significantly affected forest coffee production. Age of household head （-）, land holding （＋） and distance of the market from the residence （-） significantly affected honey production. Size of landholding （＋）, distance to market （-） and distance of the forest from the residence （-） were significant variables determining the NTFP incomes derived by the households. Attention is needed in the design of policies and strategies for the well-being of households to the contribution of NTFPs to local incomes and the variables that affect the collection of NTFPs must be considered.     

Motility Parameters of Rainbow Trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus mykiss</Emphasis>) Spermatozoa in Relation to Sequential Collection of Milt,Time of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Post-mortem</Emphasis> Storage and Anesthesia

The present study investigated the effects of sequential collection of milt, time of post-mortem storage and anesthesia on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sperm motility parameters (using computer-assisted sperm analysis – CASA) as well as seminal plasma osmolality and sperm concentration. The post-mortem storage and time of anesthesia altered motility characteristics of rainbow trout sperm to different extents. The moderate impact of time of anesthesia was manifested in a shortened duration of sperm motility after 10 min exposure of fish to anesthetic. The prolonged post-mortem storage (≥40–60 min), in addition to lowering sperm motility duration, also significantly influenced sperm motility parameters, such as sperm velocities, percentage of motile sperm and sperm trajectory parameters. These results clearly demonstrate that when milt from sacrificed fish is used for sperm motility studies, the time of post-mortem storage significantly alters sperm motility characteristics. Since sperm motility rate and swimming velocity could predict fertilizing ability, detrimental effects of prolonged post-mortem storage may lead to reduced fertilization success. Sperm concentration and seminal plasma osmolality were lower in the first fractions and increased with successive collections of milt. It suggests the presence of urine contamination of the first milt fractions which were collected by stripping. Therefore, testing of sperm concentration and/or seminal plasma osmolality should be mandatory while handling stored milt.     

气象因子对黄淮海区粒收玉米子粒灌浆与脱水特性的影响

以宜子粒收获玉米品种“浚单1668”为材料,2018～2020年在鹤壁开展子粒灌浆试验,分析子粒灌浆及脱水特性,探讨粒重、子粒灌浆参数和子粒脱水速率与气象因子之间的关系,揭示宜子粒收获玉米产量形成机制。结果表明,不同年份间玉米子粒产量、百粒重和收获时含水率差异显著。玉米产量的差异主要由粒重引起,粒重与灌浆速率显著正相关,与灌浆时间相关性不显著;日照时数和有效积温是影响灌浆速率和粒重的主要气象因子,日照时数和日温差是影响脱水速率的主要气象因子。结果还表明,子粒收获玉米浚单1668吐丝后积温达到769.1～905.0℃·d时,玉米子粒生理成熟,生理成熟时子粒含水量20.67%～25.33%。黄淮海区域玉米生产过程中,通过适时早播,增加吐丝后日照时数和有效积温,玉米获得最大粒重和产量的同时,可有效降低子粒收获时含水量。     

岳麓秦简《为狱等状四种》新见的一枚漏简与案例六的编联

岳麓秦简《为狱等状四种》新见的一枚漏简解析了案例六《暨过误失坐官案》的结构。这个案例中的“八劾”含有对其的两遍描述：第一遍比较具体的;第二遍比较简略的。新见简J15位于案例六的开头,包含对第一、二劾的具体描述。因此,整理者原来所建议的简序应当稍微修正为：J15-缺简-096-097-095-098-099-100。     

基于TD-SCDMA的猪产品质量溯源应用示范系统

以商品猪散养农户模式为研究对象,根据猪产品溯源投入品（包括疫苗、兽药、饲料）及监督检测信息的特点,提出了投入品及监督监测信息的元数据、事件集成、数据传输接口规范,在Windows Mobile 6.5平台上开发完成了基于TD-SCDMA的猪产品质量溯源应用示范系统,实现了溯源耳标佩戴与注销,以及疫苗、兽药、饲料等溯源投入品信息及盐酸特伦特罗、磺胺类药物等监测信息的采集,并在溯源数据中心实现实时投入品事件及监测事件的整合集成。猪产品质量溯源应用示范系统已经在天津市示范应用,信息采集处理简单、方便、实用,在有TD-SCDMA信号的地区示范运行良好,能够满足猪产品溯源应用示范系统信息采集和及时查询的需要。     

The use of historical collections to estimate population trends: A case study using Swedish longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Long term data to estimate population trends among species are generally lacking. However, Natural History Collections (NHCs) can provide such information, but may suffer from biases due to varying sampling effort. To analyze population trends and range-abundance dynamics of Swedish longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), we used collections of 108 species stretching over 100 years. We controlled for varying sampling effort by using the total number of database records as a reference for non-red-listed species. Because the general frequency of red-listed species increased over time, a separate estimate of sampling effort was used for that group. We observed large interspecific variation in population changes, from declines of 60% to several hundred percent increases. Most species showed stable or increasing ranges, whereas few seemed to decline in range. Among increasing species, rare species seemed to expand their range more than common species did, but this pattern was not observed in declining species. Historically, rare species did not seem to be at larger risk of local extinction, and population declines were mostly due to lower population density and not loss of sub-populations. We also evaluated the species’ declines under IUCN red-list criterion A, and four currently not red-listed species meet the suggested threshold for Near Threatened (NT). The results also suggested that species’ declines may be overlooked if estimated only from changes in species range.     

How well does a botanical garden collection of a rare palm capture the genetic variation in a wild population?

Conservation is increasingly central to the botanic garden mission. Living plant collections are important components of conservation. Critical evaluation of living conservation collections with population genetic analysis can directly inform ex situ conservation strategy. Here, we quantify the degree of genetic variation captured through a population-based collection protocol, and explore optimal sampling for ex situ conservation. An extensive living collection derived from one population of Leucothrinax morrisii (Arecaceae) provided a model system. We compared 58 specimens from the ex situ collection with 100 individuals from throughout the parent population via 6 ISSR loci. Random bootstrapped resamples of the data were made to model differently structured ex situ collections. Mean diversity (He) differed little between the collection (0.204) and the population (0.216), and genetic distance (D) was very close (0.036). Very few private alleles were found between the collection and the population. Allelic capture, as measured by percent of private alleles, was greater than 94%. Resampled collections of different sizes captured from 48% to 94% of alleles. Pairwise comparison of bootstrapped resamples suggests that increasing the representation of half-sibling groups does not significantly increase allele capture. Increase in allele capture with increasing sample size is greatest at low resample sizes, and showed diminishing returns as resample size increased. No appreciable increase in allele capture was gained through maintaining different half-sibling groups. These data inform sampling for ex situ conservation purposes, and recommend sample sizes of at least 15 individuals, with the upper limit based on resources.     

纳税申报电子信息采集系统设计

电子报税是我国税制改革的一个重要组成部分,根据电子报税的具体要求确定了系统的功能模块、开发及运行平台和网络拓扑结构,并按照系统工程原则,用现代软件技术设计了纳税申报电子信息采集系统。     

观光木容器育苗技术

指出了观光木是我国亚热带、热带地区乡土阔叶珍贵用材和高效多用途树种，发展前景广阔。从种子的采集和处理、圃地选择、整地和作床、种子处理、苗期管理、病虫害防治等方面探讨了观光木的容器育苗技术。     

PDA在广西森林资源连续清查中的应用

以广西第八次森林资源连续清查为例,概括PDA在森林资源连续清查中应用的主要功能,分析其所具备的优势与存在的主要问题,提出完善PDA在森林资源连续清查中应用的建议.