规模化猪场固体粪便收集系数与成分测定

为初步探讨规模化猪场不同饲养阶段固体粪便的实际收集量,该文选择北京一典型规模化猪场,定期对采用干清粪工艺的保育猪、育肥猪、妊娠母猪和分娩母猪的固体粪便日收集系数进行测量和相关成分测定,为估算规模化猪场固体粪便收集量和相关污染负荷提供依据。结果表明:妊娠后期母猪,妊娠前期母猪,分娩母猪、育肥猪和保育猪的固体粪便平均收集系数分别为(2．19±1．10),(1．22±0．3),(1．27±0．32),(0．75±0．26)和(0．47±0．14)kg·d~(-1)·头~(-1);各饲养阶段的新鲜固体粪便的含水率基本一致,平均含水率为66％;保育猪和育肥猪的粪便挥发性固体平均含量(干基)为81．8％,分娩母猪与妊娠前期和妊娠后期母猪固体粪便挥发性固体平均含量为(干基)74．4％;保育猪与育肥猪的固体粪便有机物和大部分重金属含量比妊娠母猪和分娩母猪高。     

Characterization of core collection of lentil germplasm for phenology, morphology, seed and straw yields

Increasing and maintaining crop residues in predominantly cereal-based rotations of the US Pacific Northwest is critical to controlling soil erosion. The core collection of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) germplasm comprising 287 accessions was evaluated for variation in phenological, morphological and growth parameters including seed yields and residue amounts over a two-year period under conventional tillage and no-till conditions. The objectives of this study were (i) assess lentil genetic variation in germplasm for variation in biomass production and seed yield, (ii) assess the relationship of phenological and morphological traits with biomass and seed yield and (iii) identify high biomass producing germplasm for use as parents in the breeding program. Days to flowering and days to maturity ranged from 31 to 78 and from 71 to 106 days, respectively. Time to flowering in terms of cumulative heat units was a more efficient measurement than days to flowering. Plant height and plant canopy width had a significant association with total biomass, seed yield and residue amounts. Total biomass ranged from 788–6389 kg ha^–1 under conventional tillage, while the range under no-till conditions was 1045–6195 kg ha^–1. Most of the lines with higher biomass also produced the highest seed yields and residue amounts. Overall, only one accession produced more residue than `Laird'. In the more favorable environment of 1997, six accessions exceeded the control cultivars, `Laird' and `Indianhead', for residue amounts, and seven and twenty-four accessions exceeded control cultivars, `Pardina' and `Brewer', for seed yield. Results indicated that plant height, canopy width at maturity and seed yield explained most of the variation in biomass and residue production. Large seeded germplasm consistently had a longer reproductive growth period than small seeded accessions and had 17%, 7% and 21% more biomass, seed yield and residue, respectively. Our data indicated significant variation in lentil germplasm for biomass, seed yield and residue amounts to warrant their use in the breeding program.     

Sampling strategy to develop a core collection of Uruguayan maize landraces based on morphological traits

Core collections were suggested to improve germplasmutilization. A core collection is a subset chosen to represent thediversity of a collection with a minimum of redundancies. Becausediversity is distributed between and within groups with differentdegrees of organization, an adequate classification of accessionsinto related groups should be performed prior to the selection of acore collection. Different classification strategies for theUruguayan Maize Collection were compared, and the best one was usedto select a core collection. The following classification strategieswere compared following a multivariate approach using the availablemaize data base: i) racial classification, ii) geographicorigin (south and north of the country), and iii) acombination of kernel type and geographic origin. The third optionwas considered the best classification rule, since it takes intoaccount two points which are closely related to the distribution ofdiversity: genotypic composition and geographic origin. The followingfive groups were identified in the collection: a) pop, b)floury, c) dent, d) southern flint-semiflints, ande) northern flint-semiflints. Eight core collections,each of 90 accessions, were selected, using different strategies toweight the groups in the core and to select the accessions from thegroups. The P, C, and L strategies were used and combined with eitherrandom selection within the group or the Relative Diversity method.Two samples of 90 accessions were obtained at random withoutconsidering the classification. The Relative Diversity methodcombined with the L strategy produced the best core collection, as itretained the highest percentage of the ranges for the 17 variablesincluded in the analysis. On average, 91% of the ranges wereretained in the core, confirming its representativeness.     

Sampling variation in genetic resources of seed crops: a review

Summary The first explorations for the collection of genetic resources of crop plants took place in areas designated as centers of origin. Later, important characters were found to be present in areas other than those indicated by Vavilov. Hence collection missions were extended to cover other areas in addition to the centers of diversity with different ecogeography and agromorphological features. Collecting activities were aimed not only at providing germplasm for immediate use in breeding but also at conserving genetic variation for future contingencies. The analysis of the collected material has revealed the complex nature, amount and distribution of genetic variation present in natural populations as well as in landraces, old varieties and primitive forms. The study of variation for characters from different regions indicated that it is possible to select certain characters for detecting variability in the populations and establishing the minimum number of genotypes to be sampled. A minimum number of 20–130 plants per sample, depending on the crop, is recommended in order to capture 95% of the total variation in the field. However, it has been emphasized that the number of different populations sampled rather than the sample size per population determines the overall efficiency of a collection. The findings reported allow better utilization of the collected material and formulation of optimal and cost-effective sampling strategies for the future.     

基于WSN的保温运输车环境监测系统的设计

针对保温运输车厢内环境信息采集困难、无线通讯信号易受车厢壁和厢内货物阻隔等问题,以Zigbee CC2430为基础,设计了保温运输车冷藏厢内环境无线监测网络.无线采集节点按照一定规则分布在车厢内,负责接收并执行协调器发送的采集命令、上传采集的环境信息,并针对CO2传感器非线性输出,在信号调理基础上,采用Matlab拟合输出曲线,提高了CO2浓度测量的准确性.试验调试结果表明,该系统功耗低,在通信范围内丢包率小于15％,性能稳定,达到预期效果.     

试论高校图书馆对兵团文献的收藏与利用

作为兵团综合性高等学校、国家西部开发建设重点高校图书馆,系统地保护和收藏兵团屯垦戍边历史文化遗产,一方面更好地服务于兵团经济建设和教学科研工作,另一方面立足于兵团文献资源的建设突出馆藏特色。通过对兵团文献的揭示,从高校图书馆收藏兵团文献的重要意义入手,提出了高校图书馆收集兵团文献的方式,并对其利用进行了探讨。     

古籍图书的收藏与保护

以当前古籍保护工作,日益得到社会重视为契机,以国家图书馆古籍馆为例,结合有关普通古籍收藏与保护的一些问题,为古籍保护工作提出几点建议.     

华北科技学院馆藏建设初探

通过对华北科技学院近几年在校学生数量的增长情况与图书馆馆藏数量的增长情况进行对比,并对近几年学生的图书馆借阅数量分类统计数据与图书馆藏书分类统计情况进行比较,发现图书馆现有馆藏存在的问题,并提出增强计划性及调整图书馆现有藏书结构的改进方法.     

图书流通数据分析与读者阅读倾向

读者的阅读倾向决定着图书馆藏书结构的构成,它是图书馆建设的核心要素。以河北理工大学图书馆读者阅读倾向为研究对象,对2006～2007年中文图书流通数据进行统计分析,从读者需求的角度找出藏书结构存在的不足,为图书采购工作提供定量的理论依据。