内蒙古牧区传统乳制品中耐酸及耐胆盐植物乳杆菌的筛选

试验对从内蒙古通辽市科左后旗和扎鲁特旗牧民家的乳样中分离的27株植物乳杆菌的耐酸及耐胆盐特性进行研究。结果显示，有20株菌能耐受0．3％的牛胆酸钠，且对pH3．0的生长环境表现出不同程度的耐受性。其中8株菌耐受性较强，存活率最高可达150．6％，其余菌株从15．5％-39．8％不等。     

披碱草野生种质材料芽期耐盐性研究

通过对20份来自不同地区的披碱草野生种质材料在0、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%浓度盐胁迫下的相对发芽率、相对发芽势、致死浓度等指标的综合评价,筛选出耐盐材料4份(G8、G17、G18、G19),分别来自甘肃古浪县、山西沁源、甘肃古浪县、山西五台山;敏盐材料3份(G2、G3、G5),分别来自北京百花山、北京灵山、新疆吉阜康白杨沟;其他为中等耐盐材料。     

几类干草防腐剂简介

对牧草进行打捆储藏可以有效降低牧草营养损失,但储藏过程中因微生物的作用会导致牧草发热甚至腐败从而降低其饲用价值。因此,在干草调制过程中,应添加干草防腐剂以抑制微生物的生长和繁殖。本文对几种常用干草防腐剂进行介绍,以供同行调制干草时参考。     

拒盐型牧草小花碱茅PutHKT2；1基因表达模式分析

本研究以拒盐型盐生牧草小花碱茅(Puccinellia tenuiflora)为材料,采用RT PCR方法对小花碱茅PutHKT2;1基因表达模式进行研究,以期阐明其在盐胁迫下拒Na+的分子机制。结果表明,PutHKT2;1基因表达存在组织特异性,主要在根中表达,地上部表达量相对较低;K+饥饿处理条件下,在根中的表达量最高;在1 mmol·L-1 K+或无K+条件下,根中PutHKT2;1表达量随着盐浓度的增大而减少。由此推断,PutHKT2;1蛋白主要在根部发挥作用,主要用于控制Na+吸收,增强K+选择性吸收能力,从而维持地上部较高的K+/Na+,提高其耐盐性。     

家兔亚硒酸中毒的病理形态学研究

给家兔分别肌肉注射不同剂量的亚硒酸钠，历时入周，复制出亚急性硒中毒的动物模型。病理形态学变化为：家兔的生长受到明显抑制，肝，肾，心，脾等组织器官损害严重如肝实质细胞变性，坏死；肾实质退行病变；心肌纤维变性，充血，肺淤血，水肿：脾萎缩，淋巴细胞坏死，肝，肾，心细胞内线粒高度肿胀，嵴减少，断裂或消失成空泡。     

不同盐胁迫对白三叶种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用不同浓度的NaCl、Na₂CO₃、Na₂SO₄溶液以及NaCl和Na₂CO₃ 的混合液,NaCl、Na₂CO₃和Na₂SO₄的混合液对白三叶种子进行胁迫处理,每个处理3个重复,测定白三叶种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数以及幼苗根长和苗高等指标。结果表明,与对照相比,随着NaCl、Na₂CO₃以及NaCl和Na₂CO₃ 混合液浓度的增加,白三叶的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数及幼苗的根长和苗高均呈下降趋势。随着Na₂SO₄及NaCl、Na₂CO₃和Na₂SO₄混合液浓度的增加,白三叶种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数呈先上升后下降趋势,幼苗的根长和苗高呈下降趋势。白三叶种子对不同类型盐的耐受性各异,对NaCl、Na₂CO₃、Na₂SO₄的耐受浓度阈值分别为300 mmol/L,100 mmol/L,150 mmol/L。     

无机盐溶液引发对紫花苜蓿种子活力及幼苗抗逆性的影响

以紫花苜蓿种子为材料,3种无机盐溶液KNO3、CaCl2、K2HPO4为引发剂,浓度为2%、4%,进行引发处理,研究不同无机盐溶液引发对紫花苜蓿种子活力及幼苗抗逆性的影响,结果表明,适宜的无机盐溶液引发处理能明显提高紫花苜蓿种子活力及幼苗抗逆性,显著提高幼苗SOD、POD、CAT的活性和叶绿素含量,显著降低幼苗丙二醛含量。其中,2%KNO312 h;2%CaCl224 h;2%K2HPO412 h 3种引发处理的效果最为明显。     

转AtNHX1基因马铃薯田间盐胁迫下的生理反应及耐盐性的综合评价

以转AtNHX1基因的8个马铃薯株系(1、2、4、6、8、15、18、19)和未转基因的"甘农薯2号"(CK)为材料,在正常地以及全盐含量分别为0.56%、0.29%的高盐和中盐地上种植,分析其生长和生理指标的变化,通过隶属函数法、相关分析和聚类分析等方法综合评价耐盐性。结果表明:随着盐浓度的增加,转基因株系的株高、叶面积扩展率、单株产量、叶绿素的含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及脯氨酸含量的上升幅度均高于对照植株(为对照的1.17~3.96倍)。而丙二醛(MDA)、相对电导率显著低于对照植株,为对照的63.07%~78.4%和82.7%~86.35%。根据生长和生理指标综合评价各株系的耐盐性,筛选出1个强耐盐株系和3个较强耐盐株系,各株系耐盐性由强至弱为:19158418216CK,AtNHX1的导入显著提高了大田马铃薯植株的耐盐性,利用耐盐性综合评价方法有助于耐盐株系的筛选。     

Which source and level of dietary sodium is appropriate for broiler chickens reared in a high‐altitude area?

This study investigated effect of increasing level of dietary sodium using sodium bicarbonate or sodium chloride on growth performance, mortality, characteristics of carcass, organs and tibia, calcium and phosphorus of serum in broilers reared in a high‐altitude area (1,700 m above sea level). A total of 588 Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used in seven treatments, six replicates per treatment of 14 birds per each from 1 to 38 d of age. Seven dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet (with 0.16% sodium and 0.23% chloride), top‐dressed for six diets to give three supplementary levels of sodium (0.07%, 0.14% and 0.21%) from sodium bicarbonate (respectively by 0.26%, 0.52% and 0.78%) or sodium chloride (respectively by 0.18%, 0.36% and 0.54%), resulting in seven diets with total sodium and chloride levels of 0.16% and 0.23%, 0.23% and 0.23%, 0.30% and 0.23%, 0.37% and 0.23%, 0.23% and 0.33%, 0.30% and 0.44%, 0.37% and 0.55% respectively. Increasing sodium level improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) linearly and quadratically. However, when FCR was calculated without adjusting for feed intake of mortalities, the enhanced sodium level did not improve this parameter. Increasing sodium level via sodium chloride enhanced ascites mortality, total mortality, relative weight of heart and right ventricle linearly. Increasing sodium level reduced serum calcium and enhanced serum phosphorus linearly; however, there was a linear tendency to increase tibia ash when sodium level was enhanced by sodium bicarbonate (p = 0.08) or sodium chloride (p = 0.07). Increasing sodium level via sodium bicarbonate tended (p = 0.08) to reduce tibia strength linearly. In conclusion, a diet with 0.16% sodium and 0.23% chloride is enough for broiler chicken reared in a high‐altitude area, and increasing dietary sodium level via sodium chloride has detrimental effect on survivability of broiler in such condition.