Effect of Different Treatment Rapeseeds on Activity of Cellulose Enzyme in Sheep

The purpose of the experiment is to research the effect of different rapeseed treatments feeding on activity of cellulose enzyme in sheep. Eight male adults of semi-fine wool sheep breeds with the same weight and permanent rumen cannulas were selected according to 4×4 Latin square design to determine the effect of different rapeseed treatment groups including crushed rapeseed, whole rapeseed, extruded rapeseed (dietary lipid content of =67 g · kg-1 ) and control group (dietary lipid content of =30 g · kg-1 ) on activity dynamic variation of ruminal celluolytic enzyme in sheep. The results showed that ruminal fluid pH matched up to the condition of fiber degradation and growth of cellulolytic bacterium when fed four diets; but there was significant difference (P0.05) for the activity of microcrystalline cellulose, glucanase, salicin enzyme involved in ruminal fiber degradation after fed 2, 4, 6 h.     

秸秆纤维素分解细菌的筛选与鉴定

利用纤维素琼脂选择培养基和刚果红染色方法,从不同来源的土样中分离出2个菌株,测定了其纤维素酶活性、小麦秸秆降解能力,并对纤维素降解能力强的两个菌株进行了分子鉴定。结果表明,两株高效纤维素分解菌在纤维素刚果红培养基上均能形成透明水解圈,利用16S r RNA序列测序并分析Genbank中的同源性,结合形态和理化性质确定为Bacillus thuringiensis和Bacillus anthracis。在37℃,p H为7的条件下测定了纤维素酶活力,SC1-3和XR2-5-4分别为1.41和1.59。这两株37℃下经15 d后小麦秸秆失重率达19.92%和22.83%。     

亚麻纤维素合酶LuCesA8基因克隆与表达分析

以亚麻快速生长期茎部组织总RNA为模板,通过反转录PCR克隆纤维素合酶基因Lu Ce s A8(基因ID:Lus10029245)全长开放读码框序列。序列分析结果表明,开放读码框全长2 967 bp,共编码988个氨基酸。通过多氨基酸序列比对发现,该蛋白与麻风树Ces A8蛋白亲缘关系最近,相似度达87%,与胡杨、可可树、雷蒙德氏棉及芝麻Ces A8蛋白氨基酸序列相似性分别为86%、85%、85%、81%。荧光定量PCR结果表明,该基因在亚麻不同发育阶段表达水平存在显著差异,快速生长期表达量最高,花期和绿熟期次之,苗期最低。研究为揭示Lu Ce s A8基因在次生细胞壁纤维素合成中的作用奠定基础。     

预处过程中不同理化因子对竹质纤维素糖化的影响

为研究不同理化因子对竹质纤维素糖化效果的影响,以竹质纤维素为原料,以酸解溶出的还原糖和总糖得率为考察指标,选取盐酸、硫酸、磷酸和硝酸4种稀酸在不同稀酸浓度、酸解温度、竹粉颗粒度和固液比条件下,对竹粉处理不同时间的单因素试验。结果表明:在竹粉颗粒度100目和固液比1∶15的条件下,用2%稀硫酸在温度121℃下处理25 m in后,酸解效果较好,还原糖和总糖得率分别在35%和50%以上。与较低温度下的长时间酸解相比,在较高温度下对竹粉进行较短时间的酸解处理能有效地提高酸解液中还原糖和总糖的得率。     

1株低温地丝霉菌的鉴定及其分解角蛋白与纤维素特性

为筛选分解角蛋白与纤维素的低温菌株,从西藏当雄牧草地分离1株低温菌株,对其进行鉴定及部分生物学功能研究.形态学鉴定参照Oorschot的分类标准和系统进行,分子鉴定基于ITS1-5.8 SrDNA-ITS2序列进行分析.结果表明:确定该菌株为毡状地丝霉毡状变种(Geomyces pannorum var.pannorum(Link) Sigler & J.W.Carmich).其最低、最适、最高生长温度分别为5℃、15℃和30℃,在35℃时不能生长,可分解角蛋白和纤维素,有潜在应用价值.     

瘤胃纤维素酶来源的微生物及其作用机制

纤维素酶是一种高效的生物催化剂,在纤维素类物质的利用方面发挥着重要作用.瘤胃来源的纤维素酶是一类能够分解瘤胃中纤维素类物质的酶或酶系,能将纤维素类物质分解成葡萄糖供给动物生长所需.对纤维素进行了概述,分析了瘤胃纤维素酶来源的细菌、真菌和其他微生物种类和分泌的纤维素酶以及瘤胃各类微生物对纤维素的降解过程,并对纤维素酶的种类和降解机理进行了阐述,为进一步研究瘤胃纤维素酶提供参考.     

竹柳材化学性质及其变异性研究

竹柳材因其良好的生物学特性,本世纪初被广泛引种到内蒙古西部干旱和半干旱地区。目前已进入平茬抚育期,间伐竹柳材可以作为人造板工业原材料。通过GB/T2677.2~10-1995、GB/T17660-1999、GB/T6043-2009和硝酸乙醇法,系统测试研究了不同树龄、不同部位的竹柳材的化学成分。结果表明:同一树龄不同部位竹柳材中纤维素、综纤维素、1% NaOH抽提物差异显著。不同树龄竹柳材中纤维素、酸不溶木素、苯醇抽提物和1% NaOH抽提物含量差异显著。通过对竹柳材化学性质的研究,得出竹柳材可以作为人造板材料。     

Effects of storage on the physico-chemical properties of corn tortillas prepared with glycerol and salt

Corn tortillas have a short shelf life due to increased firmness and microbial spoilage. Commercial corn tortillas use carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to delay staling; however this gum is expensive when compared to the rest of the tortilla ingredients. Glycerol has been added to bread and wheat tortillas to increase pliability and salt has been shown to mask the flavor of glycerol in corn tortillas. The possibility to reduce staling in corn tortillas by adding glycerol/salt as an alternative to CMC was investigated by monitoring changes in physico-chemical properties during 2 weeks of storage at 25 °C. Molecular and macroscopic changes were followed using thermal and mechanical analysis. During storage an increase in amylopectin recrystallization was observed in all samples. The “freezable” water content of all tortillas decreased over the first 3–5 days of storage with an increase after 7 days, while moisture content and water activity remained constant. Glycerol/salt tortillas exhibited a sharper transition region in the DMA temperature scan suggesting a more homogenous sample. CMC tortillas were significantly stiffer than glycerol tortillas after 14 days of storage. Glycerol/salt combinations may offer at least a partial replacement for CMC since it helped control the stiffness, water homogeneity and distribution during storage.     

乐业豆豉主要发酵微生物的筛选 鉴定及发酵性能研究

通过涂布分离和感官评定从广西乐业传统细菌型豆豉中分离和筛选出豆豉的主要发酵微生物DC8,经 形态特征、16S rDNA 序列比对及系统发育分析鉴定,菌株DC8 为枯草芽胞杆菌枯草亚种（Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis)。菌株DC8 的发酵性能较好,发酵制备的豆豉风味好,纤溶酶活性、DPPH 自由基清除活性、游离氨基酸含量 和酸可溶性多肽含量高,分别达到59.49(依2.37) IU/g、0.87(依0.07) mg Trolox/g、21.77(依1.31) mg/g 和46.14(依2.58) mg/g。结果 表明,菌株DC8 是制备细菌型豆豉的良好菌种。     

Hydrolytic Enzyme Inhibitors and Necrotic Reactions in Potato Leaves Reduce Reproductive Success of Colorado Potato Beetle

In field and laboratory conditions the reproductive potential （survival at different stages of development） of the Colorado potato beetle has been measured, the dependence of the parameters of insects fertility on varietal features of the feed has been investigated, the food activity of the representatives of insects from four areas of the Southern Urals has been measured, the intensity and time of hypersensitivity reactions on potato leaves has been defined. In laboratory experiments, the level of activity of hydrolytic enzymes in insects and the level of activity of these enzymes inhibitors in the leaves of three potato varieties differing in their resistance to the Colorado potato beetle have been determined. The results show that the insects-representatives of different samples have different food activity in relation to different potato varieties. High mortality rates were revealed at feeding with leaves of potato of the Bashkir variety characterized by a high level of hydrolases inhibitors and relatively rapid development of necrotic reactions after the appearance of eggs laying on the leaves. We suppose that the neerogenetic barrier appearing in the form of necrosis is the major cause of the fetal mortality of insects. The level of the content of inhibitors inactivating larvae digestive enzymes affects the survival of insects at postembryonic stages. The speed of the necrosis emergence, the level of activity of digestive enzymes inhibitors in potato can be considered as criteria for the selection of breeding material for resistance to the Colorado potato beetle.