不同稻草还田方式下土壤碳库管理指数的研究

为了明确稻草还田方式对双季稻田土壤肥力的影响,对不同稻草还田方式对土壤总有机碳(CTOC)、活性有机碳(CA)、矿化碳(CM)的影响进行分析,并计算了各处理碳库活度(A)、碳库活度指数(AI)、碳库指数(CPI)和碳库管理指数(CPMI)。结果表明,与不施肥对照相比,早晚稻两季稻草还田提高了土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳和矿化碳含量及其碳素有效率。等养分条件下,稻草还田处理的土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳及其碳素有效率均高于稻草烧灰还田和稻草不还田处理,且活性有机碳含量差异显著。土壤碳库管理指数处理间差异达显著或极显著,其大小趋势为稻草全量还田 > 稻草烧灰还田 > 稻草不还田。     

耕作方式对豫东夏玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响

豫东地区夏玉米生长季恰逢雨季,季节性强降水经常导致农田积水,使玉米生长受到涝渍灾害威胁,为探索当地夏玉米的适宜栽培管理模式,试验设置播前翻耕、深松和旋耕3种耕作处理,并以当地种植习惯的免耕贴茬播种为对照,通过田间小区试验重点研究了不同耕作方式对农田土壤水分、夏玉米农艺性状、籽粒产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,与免耕贴茬播种处理相比,翻耕和深松处理均能在强降雨后有效降低表层土壤含水率,增加夏玉米生长中后期的株高和叶面积;翻耕和深松处理籽粒产量分别提高了26.55%和19.67%;翻耕和深松处理水分利用效率分别提高了15.37%和9.69%,旋耕处理降低了3.45%。综合考虑夏玉米籽粒产量、水分利用效率等因素,翻耕和深松措施是适宜于豫东地区夏玉米高产的栽培模式。     

基于GreenSeeker的水稻氮素估测

为研究水稻植株氮素指标与GreenSeeker植被指数的定量关系,通过设置不同年份、不同氮肥水平的田间试验,于移栽后定期使用GreenSeeker获取冠层归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)和比值植被指数(RVI),并同步破坏性取样获取植株生物量和氮含量,分析不同品种和不同氮营养条件下氮素和植被指数(NDVI和RVI)变化规律,建立基于NDVI和RVI的氮素监测模型。结果表明,植株氮含量可以基于NDVI和RVI分时期进行估算,植株氮积累量可以被分阶段反演。利用GreenSeeker可以实现水稻氮素快速无损监测,为水稻氮肥精确管理提供技术支持。     

北方泥炭地甲烷排放研究: 综述

Northern peatlands store a large amount of carbon and play a significant role in the global carbon cycle. Owing to the presence of waterlogged and anaerobic conditions, peatlands are typically a source of methane (CH₄), a very potent greenhouse gas. This paper reviews the key mechanisms of peatland CH₄ production, consumption and transport and the major environmental and biotic controls on peatland CH₄ emissions. The advantages and disadvantages of micrometeorological and chamber methods in measuring CH₄ fluxes from northern peatlands are also discussed. The magnitude of CH₄ flux varies considerably among peatland types (bogs and fens) and microtopographic locations (hummocks and hollows). Some anthropogenic activities including forestry, peat harvesting and industrial emission of sulphur dioxide can cause a reduction in CH₄ release from northern peatlands. Further research should be conducted to investigate the in fluence of plant growth forms on CH₄ flux from northern peatlands, determine the water table threshold at which plant production in peatlands enhances CH₄ release, and quantify peatland CH₄ exchange at plant community level with a higher temporal resolution using automatic chambers.     

水稻杂种细胞核行为和DNA含量与杂种优势的研究

 利用MIPS-1分析仪研究了11个亲本和9个杂种的细胞核行为和DNA含量，同步测定了每个细胞减数分裂前期、中期、后期和末期的光密度值、集分光密度值以及细胞核的大小。所测定亲本和杂种的4401个细胞的计算机分析结果表明：9个杂种的平均集分光密度值显著高于亲本，但光密度值比亲本的低，杂种的细胞核特别是在减数分裂的前期显著增大。因此，在F1杂合状态下，细胞核中DNA含量增加，而DNA密度下降，这可能有利于基因的表达，从而促进杂种优势的表达。     

Mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from swine wastewater treatment in an aerobic bioreactor packed with carbon fibers

Mitigation of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission from swine wastewater treatment was demonstrated in an aerobic bioreactor packed with carbon fibers (CF reactor). The CF reactor had a demonstrated advantage in mitigating N₂O emission and avoiding NOx (NO₃ + NO₂) accumulation. The N₂O emission factor was 0.0003 g N₂O‐N/gTN‐load in the CF bioreactor compared to 0.03 gN₂O‐N/gTN‐load in an activated sludge reactor (AS reactor). N₂O and CH₄ emissions from the CF reactor were 42 g‐CO₂ eq/m³/day, while those from the AS reactor were 725 g‐CO₂ eq/m³/day. The dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the CF reactor removed an average of 156 mg/L of the NH₄‐N, and accumulated an average of 14 mg/L of the NO₃‐N. In contrast, the DIN in the AS reactor removed an average 144 mg/L of the NH₄‐N and accumulated an average 183 mg/L of the NO₃‐N. NO₂‐N was almost undetectable in both reactors.     

驻波法土壤水分测量系统的数学分析

介电法土壤水分测量中所涉及的公式一般是非线性的,在公式推导和绘制理论上的关系曲线时比较困难。为此,采用Matlab解决了上述问题,根据驻波法测量系统实际硬件电路参数推导出输出阻抗和传递函数的数学模型,再利用Topp公式等理论建立了以土壤含水率为自变量的系统传递函数的数学模型。利用Matlab对上述模型进行了仿真,得到了输出阻抗、介电常数及系统传递函数与土壤含水率的关系曲线。通过相关实验研究,验证了该数学模型的可行性。     

Preparation of a dicyandiamide-contained novel insulation paper and an experiment on the thermal aging characteristics of relevant oil-paper insulations

In order to study the influence of dicyandiamide added into the insulation paper on the oil-paper insulation during the aging process.The insulation paper containing dicyandiamide and the insulation paper without any stabilizer are prepared. They are immersed in transformer oil separately and placed in the aging chamber with predefined temperature of 130℃ for 31 days to perform thermal aging experiment of oil-paper insulation. The specimens are periodically sampled and some parameters are measured like the degree of polymerization(DP), the breakdown voltage, the nitrogen content, the acidity of insulation oil, and UV-Vis spectrum. The results show that the insulation paper added with dicyandiamide has a distinct anti-aging and anti-breakdown effect and the DP is 58% higher than that of blank sample at the later stage of aging. In the aging process, decline of the nitrogen content of insulation paper is not serious. The oil-paper sample containing dicyandiamide has a far lower value of acidity than that of blank sample, besides the oil color is deeper. Dicyandiamide in the insulation paper improves not only the anti-aging and anti-breakdown properties, but also the performance of oil in the aging process.     

基于CWSI诊断温室草皮水分胁迫的实验研究

通过观测夏季温室不同灌溉条件下草皮的冠层温度、气温、大气湿度以及土壤含水量等因素,利用Isdo经验模式确定了冠气温差的下限方程。通过观察不同水分处理条件下草皮CWSI的日变化,得出了利用CWSI诊断草皮水分状况的最佳时机。研究分析了作物水分胁迫指数与其他一些反映作物水分状况的指标,包括土壤含水量、叶片蒸腾速率以及叶片含水量之间的关系,CWSI验理论模式与上述这些指标关系良好,表明其很好地反映了作物的水分胁迫特征。     

碳汇林土壤盐分分布特征(英文)

[目的]对新疆地区进行土壤盐分特征分析,开展该区土壤盐渍化特征研究,为干旱地区盐渍化研究提供参考依据。[方法]以克拉玛依碳汇林中不同土地类型的土壤垂直剖面为研究对象,对其土壤盐分、可溶性离子进行测定,运用统计特征值、趋势面等方法进行分析,探讨该区域土壤盐分分布特征。[结果]碳汇林研究区土壤中盐类主要为硫酸盐-氯化物型及氯化物型,其中阳离子主要是Na+、K+和Ca2+,阴离子主要有CO32-,Cl-和SO42-;CO32-变异系数高达292.91,Cl-的变异系数为265.56。土壤可溶性总盐在0~100cm土层中变化趋势不显著,土层中的含量较稳定。[结论]该研究为加快对土壤盐渍化的动态监测,寻找盐渍化有效地控制途径奠定基础。