The Japanese pulp and paper industry: an analysis of financial performance from 1991 to 2001

This article discusses the determinants of profitability expressed as return on capital among Japanese pulp and paper companies. Return on capital is measured as income before tax related to stockholders’ equity. Return on capital has been divided into profit margin and asset utilization rate. The hypothesis is that return on capital can be explained by mill size, productivity, product line, financial situation, and use of wood resources. The dataset consists of 13 larger Japanese pulp and paper companies listed in Pulp &; Paper Statistics. Data on financial performance, production, and use of wood fibers were collected for the period 1991–2001. The average return on equity for the studied companies is 4.2%. Labor productivity has increased quite significantly, from about 600 to 1,000 kg/employee and year. An econometric analysis indicates that the best model fit is found when the asset utilization rate is used as the dependent variable. Significant variables are, among others, asset utilization rate lagged one time period (?), labor productivity (+), capital productivity (?), paper production as a share of total paper and board production (?), total value of assets on the books (?) and solidity (+). This may indicate that the total value of assets on the books is large in relation to the total production of paper, paperboard and pulp.     

国家试点区森林生态资本经济转换效率及其影响因素

目的: 通过对全国生态产品价值实现机制试点地区浙江省丽水市森林生态资本经济转换效率的研究, 明确森林生态资本促进区域经济增长的效率机制, 为完善森林生态产品价值实现机制, 推动森林生态资本富集区经济高质量发展提供科学依据。方法: 构建森林生态资本投入产出指标体系, 运用超效率SBM-Malmquist模型、最小二乘法(OLS)模型、固定效应和随机效应模型以及时空地理加权回归模型(GTWR)等方法, 借助Stata和ArcGIS软件, 分析2011—2019年期间浙江省丽水市森林生态资本经济转换及促进区域经济增长的效率、变化特征、主要影响因素及其作用机制特征。结果: 森林生态资本对区域经济增长有积极影响, 即在保持劳动力、物质资本和林地面积等因素不变的条件下, 森林生态资本每提高1%, 经济增长的边际效率提高0.076%, 对区域经济增长具有积极作用。总体上来看, 遂昌县、庆元县和龙泉市的地区开放度对森林生态资本经济转换效率产生显著性正向影响, 但两者在其他地区有着负相关关系; 人均可支配收入的提高对大部分地区森林生态资本经济转换效率具有良好的促进作用; 景宁县和龙泉市的产业结构对森林生态资本经济转换效率产生显著正向影响, 其他县(市、区)产业结构对森林生态资本经济转换效率产生显著负向影响。并且总体上来讲, 影响因素存在较大的时空异质性特征。结论: 森林生态资本经济转换及促进区域经济增长效率不仅受限于地区自然资源禀赋以及科技、人才和资金的投入, 更依赖于科学合理的生产要素配置, 因此必须完善环境和资源约束下的森林生态资本要素合理配置, 减少资源错配, 推动要素集聚水平与经济增长效率的协同提升。     

首都高职院校会展专业人才培养模式创新研究

会展业对推动产业结构转型升级和区域经济发展有着重要意义,但我国会展专业人才培养长久以来与行业发展和社会需求相悖,存在着定位不精准、课程体系构建不合理、实践教学条件不完善、师资队伍结构和能力不匹配等问题。首都高职会展教育发展,必须结合首都“四个中心”的战略定位,厘清会展业发展方向、人才需求侧重点,积极进行人才培养模式创新。应立足首都功能定位,明确专业培养目标,发挥“工学结合”优势,培养关键核心技能,紧跟行业标准,推进课程体系建设;同时,打造“双师型”教师团队和“三全育人”的校园文化,促进人才培养的创新发展,为会展业输送更多高素质的技能人才。     

国外典型林业PPP项目经验借鉴

公私伙伴关系（PPP）可以提高公共产品和服务的供给效率,促进经济增长。近年来我国林业PPP快速发展,但总体仍处于起步阶段。相比之下,国外林业PPP合作渐趋成熟,在融资模式、重点领域、资本范围、制度规范方面的探索值得我国学习借鉴。文中通过分析国外林业PPP具体案例,总结归纳出其成功经验,包括明确的政府指导方针、完善的政策法律体系、合理的利益分配、良好的社会诚信体系以及关注当地发展;建议我国加大开放力度,提升PPP项目吸引力,开展试点示范并总结推广成功经验。     

世界级城市群视域下我国首都国家公园建设研究

我国首都北京是资源能源匮乏、环境污染严重、生态脆弱的典型区域。为了保护其空间生态系统完整性、强化区域资源保护和减缓生态承载力,迫切需要加快首都国家公园建设。文中基于世界级城市群的视角,以北京为研究对象,聚焦国家公园建设存在的重数量轻质量、资源没有合理化利用、体制不够完善、投入不足等问题,从建设原则、治理体制、资金投入等维度提出首都国家公园建设路径。     

饲料企业财务管理中的问题及改善

财务管理是企业管理的重要组成部分,贯穿于企业整个经营管理过程,与企业经济效益密切相关,直接影响企业的生存发展.企业通过财务管理、监督控制财务活动、资金投放、资金筹集来实现风险最小化,利润最大化.良好的财务管理是饲料企业赢利的保障.随着我国畜牧业的发展,饲料行业快速发展,饲料企业不断增多,财务管理问题更加凸显.饲料企业门...     

生产函数异质性与地区农业经济增长——基于时空异质弹性生产函数模型

利用改革开放以来中国31个省(市、自治区,统计数据未含港、澳、台地区,下同)农业要素投入产出数据,基于农业要素收入份额存在较大差异的基本国情,从时间和空间维度放宽传统Cobb-Douglas生产函数模型产出弹性为固定常数的假定,通过构建时空异质弹性生产函数模型对改革开放以来中国不同地区、不同阶段农业要素投入、技术进步与...     

藏北草原牧民可持续生计分析—以班戈县为例

运用实地调查的方法,对藏北草原牧业户和兼业户进行比较分析和回归分析,以期提高人们对藏北草原牧民生计状况的认识,并对藏北草原牧民生活水平提升和收入增长提供一定的参考依据。结果表明:班戈县牧业户呈现"低质化"特征;兼业户的资本禀赋要好于牧业户;拥有较多自然资本和经济资本的牧户习惯于以单纯依靠牧业收入作为其生计策略;拥有较多人力资本、物质资本和社会资本的牧户更愿意选择多种经营方式来获取更多收入;物质资本对牧户生计策略的影响最为显著,社会资本显著程度不高,而人力资本存量偏低。总体来说,牧民生计在提升藏北草原牧民生活水平和促进牧民收入提高过程中显得更加急迫和重要。     

Impacts of intensification of pastoral agriculture on soils: Current and emerging challenges and implications for future land uses

Abstract

AIM: To find evidence for localisation in the uterus, and fetal infection, of Leptospira spp. in farmed deer in the lower North Island of New Zealand during and shortly after the breeding season.

METHODS: Between February and July 2008, 116 blood samples, 120 kidneys, 120 uteri and 27 fetuses were collected from 120 mixed-age hinds from lines from nine farms, at a deer slaughter premises. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo-bovis and Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona, using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). For both serovars, a titre of >1:48 was considered positive. Samples from kidneys, uteri and fetal tissue were subjected to bacterial culture, using Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) medium, and real-time PCR, using DNA gyrase subunit B gene primers.

RESULTS: Thirty-four of 116 (29.3%) serum samples were positive for serovar Hardjo-bovis, and 13 (11.2%) for serovar Pomona. Seven of 120 kidneys were positive for serovar Hardjo-bovis by culture, and five of these, but no others, were positive by real-time PCR. Of 120 uteri, none was culture- or PCR-positive. None of 27 fetal samples was culture-positive but one was positive by real-time PCR. The dam of the PCR-positive fetus was culture-negative from the kidney, but had an MAT titre of 1:192 for Hardjo-bovis.

CONCLUSIONS: Attempts to isolate Leptospira spp. from the genital tracts and early fetuses of farmed deer were unsuccessful. However, molecular evidence suggested fetal infection in one case. This finding justifies further study of the role of leptospires in the genital tract and fetus and its association with reproductive loss in farmed deer.     

理事长人力资本对农民合作社经营绩效的影响研究——基于全国140家农民合作社的实地调查

近年来,我国农民合作社发展迅速,但合作社经营绩效相差悬殊。运用合作社相关理论,采用计量经济学方法,结合农民合作社的调研数据,从理事长人力资本角度研究对农民合作社经营绩效的影响。结果表明,理事长文化水平、技术水平等对合作社绩效有显著的正向影响,年龄等对合作社绩效不显著。要加强对理事长文化、技术、管理等的培训,注重合作社管理人才培养,发挥金融机构对合作社的扶持作用。