乡村旅游环境承载力概念探讨

近年来乡村旅游的兴起以及旅游业的空前繁荣,使人们的环境意识日益增强,人们开始探讨旅游环境承载力,但是少有人研究特定乡村旅游环境承载力,通过对现有旅游环境承载力研究的分析,提出乡村旅游环境承载力概念。     

A review of the role of excess soil moisture conditions in constraining farm practices under Atlantic conditions

The Less Favoured Area (LFA) scheme is a major element of the EU Rural Development Policy, aimed at supporting farming in areas with natural handicaps or low soil productivity. It has been in place since 1975 and accounts for 14% of total Community funding. In 2003, the European Court of Auditors recommended that the socio‐economic criteria on which the current scheme is based be replaced by biophysical criteria. Reviews of the proposals suggest that in Atlantic climates of Northwest Europe, the new criteria do not delineate adequately areas where agricultural productivity is constrained by the biophysical environment and that such areas are instead demarcated by the occurrence of excess soil moisture conditions. In this paper, we review the impact of excess soil moisture conditions on the sustainability of farming systems and their role in constraining strategic and tactical farm management practices. In particular, we review the scientific evidence on the impact of excess soil moisture conditions on herbage growth, herbage utilization, farm operations and environmental sustainability. On the basis of this, we propose an additional biophysical criterion for the new delineation of LFAs, namely the length of time that soil water is in excess of field capacity (‘field capacity days’). While there is no clear threshold for field capacity days above which agricultural sustainability is acutely constrained, the evidence reviewed in this paper suggests that the sustainability of intensive livestock farming and tillage systems is particularly challenging in scenarios where the 80 percentile of field capacity days exceeds 220–230 days.     

贵州中部天然暖性草丛草地生产力变化和承载力分析

[目的]探讨放牧与围封对亚热天然暖性草丛草地生产力的影响并分析其草地承载力.[方法]以贵州中部龙里县亚热带天然暖性草丛草地为试验地区,连续调查2010～2012年草地生产力月、季和年动态,并对数据进行分析.[结果]放牧与围封条件下,贵州龙里暖性草丛草地植物现存量、牧草生长量均表现为先增加后减少的趋势,其峰值出现在8～10月份.围封明显提高天然草地的生产力,对天然草地植被组成改变不大.[结论]从草畜平衡的角度分析,贵州中部暖性草地适宜载畜量在3.45～4.66只羊/hm2时,具有良好的生态效益,在经济上可为农牧民所承受.     

Effects of dietary oregano essential oil supplementation on growth performance,intestinal antioxidative capacity,immunity, and intestinal microbiota in yellow-feathered chickens

Essential oils are plant-derived aromatic volatile oils, and they contain bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve poultry nutrition. In this study, we investigated the effects of oregano essential oil (OEO) on intestinal antioxidative capacity, immunity, and gut microbiota of young yellow-feathered chickens. A total of nine hundred and sixty 1-d-old female Qingyuan partridge chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 40 birds each, and the feeding trial was lasted for 30 d. The controls were fed on a basal diet without in-feed antibiotics; the birds in the antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg virginiamycin; the remaining birds were fed the basal diet containing 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO, respectively. Dietary supplementation with 150 or 300 mg/kg OEO increased average daily feed intake (P = 0.057) and average daily gain (P < 0.05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidative capacity in plasma, jejuna, and ileal mucosa were increased by OEO supplementation (P < 0.05), with a trend of lower jejunal content of malonaldehyde (P = 0.062). Moreover, dietary OEO increased the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (P = 0.078) and the relative expression of Claudin 1, Mucin 2, and Avain beta-defensin 1 in ileum (P < 0.05). Sequencing data of 16S rRNA indicated that dietary OEO increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum, and Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera, and decreasing that of Romboutsia. Functional analyses indicated that microbial amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, replication, and repair systems were higher in OEO groups than those of controls and antibiotic treatment. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with OEO enhanced growth performance, alleviated local oxidative stress in intestine, improved production of natural antibodies, and favorably modulated intestinal microbiota composition.     

甘肃省天祝县草原补奖政策实施效果

草原作为重要的生态资产与生产资源,在我国生态文明建设和社会经济发展中具有重要的战略地位。党的十八大以来,我国将生态文明建设纳入“五位一体”总体布局之中,在草原牧区实施草原生态补奖政策,对草地生态保护、修复和助力牧区精准脱贫具有重要意义。本研究以甘肃省天祝藏族自治县为例,通过历年统计数据和查阅年鉴等方式获得相关资料,对两轮补奖政策实施效果进行梳理,从补奖政策资金、草地生产力及载畜量、生态效益、经济效益和社会效益等方面分析了政策实施前后变化情况。结果表明：1)两轮补奖政策实施后,天祝县草原生态环境逐步恢复,草地生产力达到2 162.28 kg·hm–2,相比补奖政策实施前提高了45.4%;2)畜牧业生产方式不断转变,理论载畜量增长了42.98万个羊单位,相比补奖政策实施前提高了54.3%;3)农牧民人均收入从补奖政策实施前的4 012元增加到8 265元。遵从“绿水青山就是金山银山”的生态发展理念,为进一步加强草地生态恢复,建议：1)在平衡禁牧下农户收入水平和生态补偿资金投入的基础上确定草原补奖补偿标准;2)加快培育现代农业产业,加大产业扶持力度,积极发展特色农牧业;3)建立健全放牧禁牧制度,科学制定草原合理利用计划。     

外包钢加固法的安全性防范措施研究

采用外包角钢加固的钢筋混凝土柱,其加固效果和安全性与诸多因素,如加固设计、加固施工工艺、加固端锚固构造、加固角钢的增钢率与增箍率、原柱所处的应力状态、使用过程中的维护管理等有关。对外包钢加固钢筋混凝土柱过程中影响其加固效果和安全性的诸多因素的安全性防范措施进行了初步的分析研究和探讨。     

条形浅基础极限承载力的滑移线解

当网格剖分足够密时，采用差分解法可得到具有足够精度的有重土静力极限平衡数值解。根据大量计算分析，揭示了有效旁侧荷载宽度L、无量纲极限承载力 / 与内摩擦角 、无量纲参数λ的内在规律，据此将滑移线法数值解拟合为简洁的解析表达式，并在理论上证明了这一规律。通过与几种经典承载力公式的比较和分析，综合对该拟合公式的可靠度分析，论证了其正确性和可行性。     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

Safeguarding Capability Index System of Regional Sustainable Development

According to the new requirement of sustainable development in the new stage, this paper puts forward the definition of the safeguarding capacity of regional sustainable development and uses some statistical methods of frequency statistics and principal component analysis to construct the index system of safeguarding capacity. Then it takes the data of the Three Gorges reservoir area for example to make empirical analysis, and provides efficient measurement tools to further measure the regional sustainability together with its safeguarding capacity, and therefore helps the government and the relevant organizations to establish more scientific policies of sustainable development.     

Synthesis and Properties of Vanadium-doped Spinel LiVxMn2-XO4

A method of preparing the spinel LiV_(x)Mn_(2-x)O_(4) with liquid phaseis introduced at a low temperature. With cyclic voltammogram and discharge-charge tests at content current, we find that the doped vanadium leads to the spinel structure more stable, the reversible behaviors of LiV_(x)Mn_(2-x)O_(4)is improved, and the capacity fade on cycling is reduced.The cycle life of the battery based on LiV_(x)Mn_(2-x)O_(4)is also found improved.