Fire Risk in Revegetated Bunchgrass Communities Infested with Bromus tectorum

In rangeland ecosystems, invasive annual grass replacement of native perennials is associated with higher fire risk. Large bunchgrasses are often seeded to reduce cover of annuals such as Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass), but there is limited information about how revegetation reduces fire risk over the long term. We assessed how revegetated community composition influences fire risk at three sites in Columbia National Wildlife Refuge in Grant County, Washington that were revegetated with large bunchgrasses 8 ? 18 years before the study. At each site, five replicates of 10 plots (10 × 10 m) were established. Fire risk was determined as the probability that a plot would completely burn following ignition at a randomly located point in each plot (i.e., if 8 of 10 plots burned, then fire risk was 80%). Preignition, cover of bunchgrasses, cheatgrass, forbs, and surface characteristics were determined for each plot. Fire risk was < 100%. However, fire risk was still relatively high around 73% and did not differ significantly among sites despite differences in cheatgrass and bunchgrass cover, which may have been attributable to other characteristics, such as high total fuels cover (> 80% at all sites) and unvegetated gap cover (soil and soil cryptogams, < 17%). This information can provide guidance for future studies with larger ranges of cover characteristics to develop robust fire risk models, which ultimately will be used to aid rangeland managers who need to specify reduction of fire risk after reestablishing large bunchgrasses in rangelands infested with cheatgrass.     

施用燃煤脱硫废弃物对盐碱地油葵农艺指标及产量的影响

采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了施用燃煤脱硫废弃物对盐碱地种植的油葵农艺指标及产量的影响。结果表明：施用30 t/hm2脱硫废弃物能够有效提高油葵出苗率、株高和产量,并且能够降低土壤的pH和碱化度。这表明施用30 t/hm^2脱硫废弃物可有效地促进盐碱地油葵的生长能力,并可增强抗盐能力。     

Shockwave therapy for treatment of a burn injury in a horse

This article describes a horse that sustained burn injury wounds over the back extending from the withers to the tail head as a result of a fire in a trailer. The extensive nature of the burn prompted investigation into treatment options which may stimulate healing. Based on current applications in human medicine, shockwave therapy was administered. This horse recovered from a substantial burn injury. Shockwave therapy may be a viable supplemental option for treating burn injuries in the horse, with no noted adverse effects.     

金龙烧伤油治疗深度烧烫伤验案三则

烧烫伤是一种强热侵害人体引起的急性损伤。创面疼痛、进行性坏死、易感染、瘢痕愈合是目前困扰烧烫伤治疗的四大难题。湖南安化民间谌氏祖传秘方金龙烧伤油,治疗烧烫伤已有百年历史,能有效减轻深Ⅱ度及以上烧烫伤患者痛苦,促进创面愈合。     

L-精氨酸加用谷氨酰胺对大鼠重度烧伤后早期肝脏功能的影响

目的研究L-精氨酸(L-Arg)、谷氨酰胺(G1n)及两者合用(L-Arg G1n)对保护大鼠重度烧伤后早期肝脏功能、扩张肝脏血管、缓解内毒素血症的作用。方法180只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(A组)、生理盐水组(B组)、L-Arg组(C组)、Gln组(D组)和L-Arg Gln组(E组),每组36只。每组分为8、16、24、48h四个时相点,每个时相点9只大鼠。A组大鼠进行模拟的烫伤,其他组大鼠制作重度烧伤模型。A、B组使用生理盐水5mL腹腔注射,C组使用L-Arg300mg/kg腹腔注射,D组使用G1n300mg/kg灌胃,E组同时使用L-Arg300mg/kg腹腔注射和G1n300mg/kg灌胃。在各时相点,检测NO2-/NO3-和内毒素含量。结果NO2-/NO3-含量:C、E组NO2-/NO3-升高明显,与同时相点A、B、D组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);B、D组肝组织中NO2-/NO3-轻度升高,但与A组比较差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。门静脉血浆内毒素的含量:B组门静脉血浆内毒素明显高于其他组同一时相点的大鼠(P<0.01),E组门静脉内毒素含量较低,与其它组同一时相的大鼠比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对重度烧伤早期大鼠,采用L-精氨酸 谷氨酰胺对保护肝功能与缓解内毒素血症的作用较佳。     

云南热带亚热带退耕山地中蚂蚁对舞草种子的影响研究

舞草为云南热带、亚热带山区刀耕火种轮歇地的一种常见多年生先锋植物。野外调查表明蚂蚁与舞草具有互惠共生关系。在舞草群落地，蚂蚁会将舞草种子搬运到蚁巢。本文研究了刀耕火种过程中蚂蚁对舞草种子的影响，结果表明：地表面的舞草种子火烧5min后，已完全丧失了生活力，而埋在地下5、10cm的种子，经5、30、60、90、120min火烧处理后与对照相比，都显著提高了种子的萌发率。离地表5cm处的种子其萌发率明显高于10cm处的种子，萌发时间则短于10cm处的种子。蚂蚁搬运舞草种子能使其免遭于火烧毁伤，使舞草种群得以恢复与扩散，从而有助于森林植被的演替。这可以视为舞草与蚂蚁的互惠共生。     

大鲵皮肤药膏和大鲵黏液药膏烫伤药理试验研究

建立了SD大鼠背部深Ⅱ度烫伤模型,研究大鲵皮肤药膏和大鲵黏液药膏对大鼠皮肤烫伤的治疗作用.结果表明,大鲵皮肤药膏、大鲵黏液药膏能明显缩短烫伤后大鼠创面愈合时间;创面愈合速度较美宝湿润烧伤膏组快,并能使创面面积明显缩小;显微镜下观察真皮内皮肤附件结构完整,未见水肿及炎性细胞浸润.大鲵皮肤药膏、大鲵黏液药膏具有促进实验大鼠烫伤创面愈合的作用.     

The effect of fire history on soil nutrients and soil organic carbon in a semi-arid savanna woodland,central Namibia

Fire is an integral part of savanna ecosystems that has shaped these systems since the Miocene. Substantial uncertainty about fire effects in semi-arid ecosystems exists. Fire may affect ecosystem productivity directly through nutrient volatilisation, increased mineralisation and altering organic matter quantity, and indirectly through altering vegetation structure. We explored the effects of fire history and vegetation patch types (tree canopy vs inter-canopy) on soil nutrients and soil organic carbon (SOC) in a semi-arid ecosystem. We collected soil samples along transects in four treatments with different fire histories (1 to 24 years since the last burn). In the statistical analyses, tree canopy and inter-canopy samples along transects were differentiated. Fire showed an inconsistent effect on soil nutrients and SOC. There was a short-term negative influence on total nitrogen, whereas phosphorus, potassium and magnesium increased in the 1-year treatment. Sodium consistently decreased with increasing time since the last burn, whereas SOC and calcium were not affected. Calcium and magnesium were significantly higher under canopy relative to inter-canopy patches. There was no significant interactive effect between fire history and vegetation patch type on soil nutrients and SOC. Management decisions regarding fire within the frequency experienced in this system appear not to necessitate concern regarding soil resource impacts.     

基于电控调压器的压缩天然气发动机电控系

针对国Ⅳ及以上排放标准,设计了基于电控调压器的重型车用稀燃增压压缩天然气发动机电控系统,阐述了燃气供给系统、进气管理系统和点火系统的结构特点和控制原理.阐述了电控调压系统原理,及其相对于喷射系统的优势.发动机试验结果表明,其最大功率和最大转矩都与原型柴油机相当,而排放达到国Ⅳ标准.     

ZTL-30型自燃焚烧式特种垃圾处理成套设备的设计

针对国内外医疗垃圾处理过程中普遍存在的必须用助燃剂才能维持燃烧及中小型设备无法实现资源化利用等关键性技术难题,采用独特的工艺流程及炉体结构设计,实现了垃圾在一个炉膛内不用助燃剂的自燃焚烧;机械上料设备通过自动控制系统根据炉温的变化对炉内垃圾的喂入量以及垃圾燃烧所需供风量实现自动调整,保证了炉内燃烧状态(3T)参数的稳定;炉内高温烟气经过补偿室强化混合燃烧,然后通过换热器使烟温骤降,避免了二恶英二次合成并实现了资源化利用;尾气采用湿法化学深度处理和工艺水循环利用等方法.与其它设备相比,由于实现了垃圾自燃,大大降低了运行成本,换热器一举两用,实现了医疗垃圾处理过程的无害化、减量化和资源化.