三种甘草下胚轴及子叶节区的初步研究

三种甘草维管组织在下胚轴、子叶节区内的排列形式及变化规律一致，但不同的种维管组织排列成不同形式所经过的距离有所不同。下胚轴是根和子叶间维管组织转变的过渡区，而根的初生维管组织与上胚轴的维管组织无直接的联系。在过渡区内外始式的木质部经过后生木质部分离、拉开呈一条直线的过程，然后在子叶节区靠合形成子叶的内始式木质部。在子叶节区子叶迹分化完成，上胚轴维管组织开始分化，同时在子叶迹与上胚轴维管组织之间有芽的分化。     

日本冲绳岛琉球松林台风干扰后的群落特点

为阐述亚热带地区琉球松林受到干扰后的演替规律,就日本冲绳地区琉球松人工林在强台风干扰后,林分结构和树种组成特点进行了调查分析。结果表明,琉球松林经台风干扰后演替形成两种群落类型,即琉球松-峨嵋木荷群落和琉球松-峨嵋木荷-蕨类群落;两者在林分结构和树种组成特点方面差异明显。琉球松-峨嵋木荷群落中,出现乔灌树种26种(DBH≥3．0cm),树种多样性指数为2．55,林下植被特别是草本层盖度低,没有蕨类植物分布。而琉球松-峨嵋木荷-蕨类群落中,出现乔灌树种33种,树种多样性指数为3．51,林下植被特别是草本层发育较好,并有大量蕨类植物分布,其盖度达55％。此外,经受干扰的琉球松林出现了大量的较耐荫的常绿阔叶树种,尤其是山茶科和樟科的树种,而没有出现本地天然常绿阔叶林的优势树种壳斗科的栲类(Castanopsis spp.)。充分说明强台风干扰促进了琉球松林向常绿阔叶林演替。     

不同根区温度对黄瓜幼苗矿质元素含量及根系吸收功能的影响

通过对目光温室黄瓜幼苗不同根区温度的处理[适温(CK)21～23℃、亚适温14～16℃、低温8～10℃]，结果表明，与适温处理(CK)相比，亚适温和低温处理的黄瓜幼苗，①根系中N、P、K、Mg的含量增加，而Ca、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的含量降低；②茎中N、K、Ca、Mg、Fe的含量增加，而P、Mn、Cu、Zn的含量降低；③叶片中K的含量增加，而N、P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的含量降低。津春3号(J3)比津春2号(J2)在维持矿质元素含量相对稳定上表现出一些较强的根系耐低温胁迫的能力；④根系体积、吸收面积、琥珀酸脱氢酶活性都增加。降低根区温度虽然增加了黄瓜幼苗一些元素的含量，但同时也使叶片中除K以外的其它元素含量都降低。降低含量的元素作为限制性因子最终还会阻碍地上部的生长发育。这些结论为低温季节日光温室中黄瓜品种的合理选择和更好地改善根区温度提供了理论和实践依据。     

南亚热带杉木生态系统生物量和碳素积累及其空间分布特征

碳是一切有机物的基本成分,也是构成生物体的主要元素,约占生物体干质量的一半左右,碳环及其空间分布与生态系统的维持、发展和稳定性机制有着密切的联系(悲志永等,2003).     

旅游设施工程规划浅述

在概述旅游区规划层次、旅游区规划程序、旅游区设施工程规划程序的基础上,探讨了旅游区交通规划、建筑规划、其他设施工程规划,提出以科学发展观为指导,从建设生态旅游区和建设和谐社区两方面来创新、构建新型旅游区。     

长江滩地植被缓冲带类型及功能与生态重建

长江滩地植被缓冲带包括原生植被、人工植被两大类,其中人工植被缓冲带又包括森林、林农复合系统和农田缓冲带;长江滩地植被缓冲带具有保水固土,过滤径流,提供生物栖息地,防浪护堤,改善长江水文状况和美化滩地环境,丰富人文景观等现实与潜在功能;分析提出了生态重建的总体目标、原则(可持续性,自我恢复,分类重建,调整反馈)与步骤(信息系统建立,系统诊断与评价,规划设计与生态重建,长江保护与流域可持续发展)。为滩地资源的合理利用以及长江流域的科学保护提供科学依据。     

宁夏清水河产业带新型城镇化与房地产业耦合发展空间分析

基于新型城镇化与房地产业耦合发展为视角,建立了宁夏清水河产业带新型城镇化与房地产业发展耦合度评价指标体系,借助耦合协调度模型与耦合发展度模型,对该区10个县(区)单元的新型城镇化与房地产业发展的耦合关系进行空间分析。结果表明：① 研究区新型城镇化与房地产业整体协调度处于磨合阶段,系统之间相互作用与影响力显著,但并没有达到协调水平,协调度最高的是同心县,最低的是红寺堡区;② 新型城镇化与房地产业整体发展度处于中等水平,且空间格局差异较大,耦合发展度最高的是沙坡头区,最低的是红寺堡区;③ 依据耦合协调度与发展度的组合可将研究区新型城镇化与房地产业发展耦合关系分为4大类型：高发展协调区、高发展磨合区、中发展拮抗区、低发展拮抗区。建议在未来新型城镇化建设过程中政府应因城因地的采取差别化的房地产宏观调控政策,促进房地产业发展与新型城镇化建设的协调关系。     

Conversion of cropland into agroforestry land versus naturally-restored grassland alters soil macro-faunal diversity and trophic structure in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China

Restoration of cropland(termed 'Farm') after abandonment including shrubs(termed 'Shrub'),trees(termed 'Tree') and natural grassland(termed 'Grass') has become a routine process aimed to improve land productivity and control desertification. During this restoration process, soil macro-faunal diversity, and trophic structure were investigated at four types of sites(Farm, Shrub, Tree, and Grass)during growing season in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China. Results indicated that the Staphylinidae family was found to dominate at the Grass, Shrub, and Tree sites, whiles larval Pyralidae individuals were found at the Grass site only. The density of the omnivores(i.e., Formicidae family) was significantly(P<0.05) greater at the Grass site than at the Tree and Farm sites. The total density and richness of predator and phytophages were found to be markedly(P<0.05) greater at the Grass site than at the Farm site. Meanwhile, we found the taxon richness of predators was significantly(P<0.05) higher at the Shrub site than at the Farm and Tree sites. Compared with the Farm and afforested Shrub/Tree sites,the Grass site had greater density, taxon richness, and Shannon index(P<0.05). In conclusion, natural restoration of abandoned croplands toward grassland was an effective strategy relative to artificial afforestation for improvement of soil biological diversity. Moreover, planting shrub is a preferable measure in abandoned croplands for land development in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China.     

Spatio-temporal variation of soil moisture in a fixed dune at the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang,China

Soil moisture is critical for vegetation growth in deserts. However, detailed dataregarding the soil moisture distribution in space and time in the Gurbantunggut Desert have not yet been reported. In this study, we conducted a series ofinsitu observation experiments in a fixed sand dune at the southern edge of the GurbantunggutDesert from February 2014 to October 2016, to explore the spatio-temporal variation of soil moisture content, investigate the impact of Haloxylonammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bungeon soil moisture content in its root zone, and examine the factors influencing the soil moisture spatial pattern. One-way analysis of variance,least significant difference testsand correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the soil moisture content exhibited annual periodicity and the temporal variation of soil moisture content throughout a year could be divided into three periods, namely, a moisture-gaining period, a moisture-losing period and a moisture-stable period.According to the temporal and spatial variability, the 0-400 cm soil profile could be divided into two layers: an active layer with moderate variability and a stable layer with weak variability.The temporal variability was larger than the spatial variability in the active layer,and the mean profile soil moisture content at different slope positions displayed the trend of decreasing with increasing relative heightand mainly followed the order of interdunearea>westand east slopes>slope top.The mean profile soil moisture content in the root zone of dead H. ammodendronindividuals was significantly higher than that in the root zones of adult and young individuals, while the soil moisture content in the root zone of adult individuals was slightly higher than that in the root zone of young individuals with no significant difference.The spatial pattern of soil moisture was attributable to the combined effects of snowfall, vegetation and soil texture, whereas the effects of rainfall and evaporation were not significant. The findings may offer a foundation for the management of sandy soil moisture and vegetation restoration in arid areas.     

The efficiency of nitrogen in cattle manures when applied to a double‐annual forage cropping system

The use of cattle manure (CM) for fertilization presents challenges for optimizing nitrogen (N) use. Our work aimed to assess N efficiencies, in a 6‐year experiment with three biennial rotations of four crops: oat–sorghum (first year) and ryegrass–maize (second year) in a rainfed humid Mediterranean area of Spain. Fertilization treatments included the following: control (no N), 250 kg mineral N ha^?1 year^?1 (250MN), three CM rates (supplying 170, 250 and 500 kg N ha^?1 year^?1) and four treatments where the two lowest CM rates were complemented with either 80 or 160 kg mineral N ha^?1 year^?1. Treatments were distributed randomly in each of three blocks. Maximum dry‐matter yield (~44–49 t ha^?1 rotation^?1) was achieved in the third rotation, and only the control and the 170CM yielded significantly less. Within the limitations of the EU Nitrate Directive, the N steady state supply of 170CM always requires a complement of mineral N (80 kg N ha^?1) to maximize N agronomic efficiency. The maximum N‐fertilizer replacement value (250CM vs. 250MN) was 0·67, without significant differences between the two treatments in other N‐related efficiency indexes, which indicates that plants took advantage of residual‐N effects. Nitrogen losses by leaching in the 250CM treatment were around 5–7% of the N applied. This reinforces the sustainability of manure recycling in long cropping seasons.